Before job opportunities became available in cities, each member of the family, especially those with an abundance of children, contributed to the sustainment of the family business and stayed close to one another (Smith, 2011). However, the traditional family make-up dissipated as families split apart in order to fill jobs in the urban, industrial job market. During 1870, 25% of the population lived in urban areas, by 1916, this increased to 50% (Active USA Center A.U.C., 2015).At the same time, immigration expanded exponentially with the addition of 25 million immigrants (A.U.C., …show more content…
Bobbitt (1912) identified the role of social management in identifying what each individual’s specific task was in society. Therefore, education should focus on teaching and preparing students only those specific tasks and not wasting time and energy in improving intellect when, ultimately, it would not apply to their role. This translated into a purely vocational education system. As a result, schools needed to scientifically understand and predict what roles individuals would fill (Kliebard, 2004). Prediction of student roles ultimately led to tracking students. Student’s needs and desires are removed with tracking. Tracking takes only statistical data to understand where students should end up based on ability