In the 19th century Franz Gall developed a theory based on the human brain, his theory was that each section of the brain was responsible for an action of human functioning, his belief was that the brain had 26 departments of faculties and each section controlled by a unique form of behaviour.
He believed with each section being controlled with behaviour for e.g. friendliness, destructiveness they were grouped into 3 regions – Region 1 controlled the lower functions, Region 2 controlled the Moral sentiments and Region 3 controlled the intellectual faculties.
Phrenology was one of the first to bring rehabilitation of criminals instead of vindictive punishments that wouldn’t stop