Summary
Caravelis, Chiricos, and Bales (2011) examines the “Habitual Offender” using a hierarchical generalized linear modeling to look at the direct effects of race using static …show more content…
Caravelis, Chiricos, and Bales (2011) demonstrates that the United States is constantly changing the racial and ethnic landscape, which creates this idea that ethnic minorities are a threat.
King and Mauer (2006) argues “One area where the struggle between the judicial and legislative branch has been most evident over the last two decades has been in response to crack cocaine sentencing” (King and Mauer 2006, p.8). King and Mauer (2006) demonstrated that the Booker decision effected crack offenses having some penalties go beyond the mandatory minimum.
Lynch and Omori (2014) argues “[…] while the districts that make up the federal system operate under the same formal law, the system operate under the same formal law, the system as a whole should not be treated as a single, unified entity that responds lockstep to policy mandates” (Lynch and Omori, 2014, p. 438). Lynch and Omori (2014) demonstrates that the laws on all levels state and federal do not match up to create a unified law in determining a sentence for an …show more content…
The federal sentencing guidelines restricts judges from using personal discretion instead of basing it off criminal history or race/ethnicity. Lastly, the United States needs to consider a different approach when it comes to sentencing guidelines in drug cases. The impressions that I gathered was that the in order to successfully suppress the racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system, they need to reform sentencing guidelines in drug