Clinical Decision Making Pathophysiology: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) A cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is defined as “a sudden loss of brain functioning from a disruption of blood supply to a part of the brain causing temporary or permanent loss of movement, thought, memory, speech, or sensation”(Belleza, 2016, p. 1). CVA is categorized as ischemic or hemorrhagic.…
The current study was a longitudinal study that assessed data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). I chose the HRS data because it includes participants that are over the age of 50 and their health status. Age is generally important to the current study because strokes typically occur in older age (Dries & Hussein, 2015). The HRS study began in 1992 and consisted of 12,652 participants that were eligible for interviews and had a response rate of 81.6% (Health and Retirement Study, 2015). This study surveyed individuals over five separate waves, with the last wave consisting of participants that were born between 1948 and 1953 (Health and Retirement Study, 2015).…
An embolic stroke refers to the formation of a clot (or emboli) somewhere other than the brain, usually the heart. The emboli will travel in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged, this will restrict blood to the brain. Strokes can affect people of all ages. The risk of stroke increases with age and it is more common among African-Americans. Risk factors that can increase chances of stroke include, but are not limited to: diabetes, heart disease, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and illegal drug use.…
Brown, Burton, Nazarian, and Promes (2015) along with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) provides guidelines that support the use of t-PA for the management of acute ischemic stroke. The guidelines are based on their own reviews of evidence based studies to collect information to generate the guidelines. The objective of this study was to answer the question is t-PA safe and effective for patients with ischemic stroke if given within 3 hours of onset and also if given between 3-4.5 hours from onset. The methods used to collect the evidence were through hand-searches of published literature and searches of electronic databases. 195 articles were identified as relevant to review and analyze.…
1. What do you remember about what happened before your wife found you on the floor? Need to obtain more information about the event in question. His memory of the event and whatever symptoms occurred could help point to an etiology, especially something like syncope. 2.…
There are two types of strokes: ischemic and hemorrhagic. One third of stroke victims are left with severe permanent deficits. Some risk factors that Dr. Cheatwood mentions include genetics, gender, and previous history of stroke. Moreover, Dr. Cheatwood states that recovery from stroke associated with neuroanatomical plasticity. Some of the approaches for stroke research include looking at reducing stroke damage, enhancing recovery and plasticity, therapeutic compounds and physical therapy.…
Stroke is linked to several other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and heart failure. Of these disease processes four of them are more common among African Americans. According to Feng (2015) the incidence of stroke has been declining in recent years however, in the southeastern states the occurrence of stroke is increasing. This has been shown to be especially true among middle-aged African Americans. Despite years of work aimed at lowering the rate of stroke more recent data has shown that while hospitalization due to stroke among whites is not increasing the incidence of stroke among middle aged black population in such states as South Carolina is increasing.…
The blood carries nutrients and oxygen is pumped from the heart to the brain through the arteries. The faulty blood flow results in brain cells damage or death. Around 85% of strokes are ischaemic stroke as an effect of blood clot. However, the rest of 15% of strokes are haemorrhagic that could be either Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) a bleed within the brain or Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) a bleeding on the brain caused by a ruptured blood…
The most common causation theory is hypertension. Hypertension is the simply the stressing of blood flow to the heart and the brain. When hypertension occurs, it can and will most likely result in a fatty substance buildup in a blood vessel away from the brain (embolic ischemic stroke) thus causing an ischemic stroke. In addition to the previous causation theory, I believe the conflict theory is also a sociological theory associated with stroke.…
Reference 1 Nhlbi.nih.gov, 2015, What Is a Stroke? - NHLBI, NIH, [online] Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke, [Accessed 4 Sep. 2015] The National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute website is aimed on the prevention and treatment of heart, lung and blood disease. The NHLBI provides worldwide leadership for a research, training, and education programs. They aim to enhance the health individuals around the world, hoping for the outcome of a healthy fulfilled life. The section on strokes the NHLBI website has provided readers with, offers a detailed overview of the two main types of strokes, other (medical terminology) names, who is at risk, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, life after, clinical…
A stroke is a “brain attack” that anyone and everyone is susceptible to. It occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is restricted and the brain cells are deprived of the necessary oxygen. This results in cell death and usually a permanent disability. Strokes are one of the leading causes of disability in the United States which is unbelievable since eighty percent of them are preventable. An expert in this field is Professor David J Hanson who is Professor Emeritus of…
The leading cause of long term disability in the United States is stroke, and one American dies from stroke about every four minutes. Stroke by definition is the sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen. The main types of stoke are hemorrhagic, ischemic, and a transient ischemic attack. Hemorrhagic stroke is broken in to two types, and the most common is the intracerebral hemorrhage, when an artery in the brain bursts flooding the brain with blood. The second and less common subarachnoid hemorrhage, when bleeding occurs in the area between the brain and the thin tissue that covers it.…
There are two main kinds of strokes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is the main kind of strokes and it takes up to 80% of all strokes. It is caused by a blockage of blood flow of part of the brain and therefore, results in death of parts of brain tissue. The other kind of stroke is hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by bleeding.…
The most common cause of a stroke is from atheroma, or plaque buildup on the artery wall leading to narrowing and then finally an infarction of the brain, or a stroke (VanMeter & Hubert, 2014, p. 347). The progression of an atherosclerosis, starts with damage to the endothelium of the artery (VanMeter & Hubert, 2014, p. 235). This leads to inflammation and an accumulation of lipids, and white blood cells in the (middle) muscle layer of the vessel (VanMeter & Hubert, 2014, p. 235). This leads to further inflammation and plaque buildup (VanMeter…
Stroke is a medical condition in which blood supply to part of the brain is cut off causing brain to damage (Stroke, 2005). One of the biological factor that could lead to stroke is ethnicity as people who are African-Caribbean, South Asian are likely to develop diabetes and high blood pressure which can cause stroke (Stroke, 2005). One of the social factor that influence stroke is physical inactivity as this can lead to risk of high blood pressure, cholesterol level and diabetes which can lead to obesity (American Stroke Association- 2012). One of the psychological factor that can leads to stroke is Depression as people who are depressed tend to a have unhealthy habit such as smoking, lack of physical activity and Some of the medication used to treat depression has also been linked to cause stroke (Hu et al, 2011).…