Co-crystal is a new solid form consists of a single crystalline phase of several components in a certain stoichiometric ratio, where different types of molecules that interact with hydrogen bonds or other non-covalent bonds [12]. The pyridine ring in their chemical structure LOR as shown in Fig. 1a allows the proton transfer with carboxylic acids to form a salt. Furthermore, N of the pyridine ring may also act as a hydrogen bond acceptor, allowing the formation of co-crystal when it binds to the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids. Fumaric acid (FUM) is a dicarboxylic acid that is safe to use orally, and it’s widely employed as an excipient in salt or co-crystal formation. FUM (Fig. 1b) can improve the solubility of several drugs through the formation of salt [13,14] and co-crystals [15–18]. Provision of mechanical energy such as grinding in a solid binary mixture with or without the addition of solvents can lead to interactions, among others, an eutectic mixture, salt or co-crystal formation. The purpose of this research was mainly to prepare a binary mixture of loratadine-fumaric acid and to investigate its effect on the solubility and dissolution rate of
Co-crystal is a new solid form consists of a single crystalline phase of several components in a certain stoichiometric ratio, where different types of molecules that interact with hydrogen bonds or other non-covalent bonds [12]. The pyridine ring in their chemical structure LOR as shown in Fig. 1a allows the proton transfer with carboxylic acids to form a salt. Furthermore, N of the pyridine ring may also act as a hydrogen bond acceptor, allowing the formation of co-crystal when it binds to the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids. Fumaric acid (FUM) is a dicarboxylic acid that is safe to use orally, and it’s widely employed as an excipient in salt or co-crystal formation. FUM (Fig. 1b) can improve the solubility of several drugs through the formation of salt [13,14] and co-crystals [15–18]. Provision of mechanical energy such as grinding in a solid binary mixture with or without the addition of solvents can lead to interactions, among others, an eutectic mixture, salt or co-crystal formation. The purpose of this research was mainly to prepare a binary mixture of loratadine-fumaric acid and to investigate its effect on the solubility and dissolution rate of