2. Reserchers used verbal and performance test markers using the Wechsler adult intelegence scale to measure and quantify intelligence scores. The study is both empirical and valid due to the fact it was quantitative and they used a common and up to date scale.
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Reaserchers indicate that they have considered other factors and have excluded them as a loud by the study yet still had the same bservations relating breast feeding with higher inteleegence as measured by standardized testing.
4. Researhers took into account socio economic differences and the education level of the moher in additoion to other preexsitiong conditions and the results still supported the link between breast feeding and intellegiece. Alternative explanations could have possibly been incorrect data or the randomness of the subjects. To make the study more casual the researchers may have exluded the mothers educational study or other extensive background research to make the study more at ease.
5. Studies suggest that breast fed babies recieveing colostum for longer periods of timeshow higher IQ scores on a standardized intelleice test. Therefor may be more intelleigent than formula fed