Cell-surface receptors are also known as trans-membrane receptors as they are located on outer surface of the plasma membrane to bind the ligand outside the cell. Cell surface receptors are membrane-anchored integral proteins that mediate the communication between the outside world and the …show more content…
to pass through the membrane. Ion channels are pore-forming proteins also referred to as cell-membrane bound receptors. They are mostly found on synaptic structures and are involved in neuronal activities. Ions pass down their electrochemical gradient through ion channels without the requirement of ATP or metabolic energy. Ion channels are an important component of the nervous system as activation of these channels by neurotransmitters mediate conduction across nerve synapses. Ion channels also play a vital role in exerting cellular response to toxins and venoms. Various biological processes involving prompt changes in cells such as contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles, activation of T-cells and release of hormones are also mediated through ion