Isolated in the 1950s from a Stretopmyces orientalist strain found in a Borneo jungle and clinically introduced in 1958, the antibiotic has a spectrum of activity limited to gram-positive organisms: it is too large to cross gram-negative bacterial membranes, and thus has no impact on these organisms. Vancomycin works against gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis through multiple methods. It can limit transpeptidation reactions and peptidogylocan polymerase reactions by complexing with D-anayl-D-alanine at the critical peptide precursor unit attachment sites (Wilhelm and Estes, 1999), which structurally weakens the peptidoglycan cell wall and leads to osmotic lysing (Roper et al., 2000). Furthermore, vancomycin can impairing RNA synthesis by way of altered cytoplasmic membrane permeability (Wilhelm and Estes,
Isolated in the 1950s from a Stretopmyces orientalist strain found in a Borneo jungle and clinically introduced in 1958, the antibiotic has a spectrum of activity limited to gram-positive organisms: it is too large to cross gram-negative bacterial membranes, and thus has no impact on these organisms. Vancomycin works against gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis through multiple methods. It can limit transpeptidation reactions and peptidogylocan polymerase reactions by complexing with D-anayl-D-alanine at the critical peptide precursor unit attachment sites (Wilhelm and Estes, 1999), which structurally weakens the peptidoglycan cell wall and leads to osmotic lysing (Roper et al., 2000). Furthermore, vancomycin can impairing RNA synthesis by way of altered cytoplasmic membrane permeability (Wilhelm and Estes,