They begin this chapter by defining culture and establishing how it is related to management of public organizations, and then proceeds to the historical perspective of culture in relation to the concept of public management. Another significant topic addressed in the text is determining individual characteristics associated with culture and building on blocks that define culture, as it is related to management of public organizations. The text has offered an authentic combination of structure and culture, and then craft and culture in establishing their values in management of public organizations. Finally, the authors have looked the culture matters, particular in theory and practice; a measure that is used in relation to pay-for-performance in the existing public …show more content…
The same applies to the aspect of looking at culture from a general point of view in the interactions with public management, mainly by looking at the relevant components of culture for management or public organizations at all levels (macro, meso, and micro) of existence. Since culture is a broad umbrella term in its application, there is the need of making sure that it has conceptually been confined and operationalized. As defined, culture is considered as a complex whole that comprises the aspect of art, knowledge, law, belief, morals, any capabilities and habits and customs that have been acquired by a person within the boundaries of a given society or institution. Within the management of public organizations, culture is established on a platform of patterns, explicit and implicit of and for specific behavior that is acquired and transmitted by symbols that constitute the distinctive achievement of human groups, which include their embodiment in