1. DNA Structure and Function DNA is the type of organic compound that stores the genetic information in a living organism. DNA is made up of two strands of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, five carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Each individual strand in held together by strong covalent bonds (a bond formed as a result of the distribution of electrons between atoms). The two strands are then joined to each other by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.…
1. High Productive Capacity- Each species produce more offspring than will survive to maturity. 2. Heritable Variation-…
It can be explained that the reproduction of organisms always exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. Besides, the intraspecific competition happens such as the struggle for food, mates, and habitats. Also, the variations of organisms are beneficial for survival but sometimes they are counteractive.…
Speciation is the development of recent and distant species in the sequence of evolution. A genealogy separating events that shows two or more individual species that are produced. The question that is asked is when does speciation occur and it happens to occur when a member of a group of species separates from the others in group developing different genetics from the other members of the group. The galapagos Finch is an example of speciation because several different types of these bird habitat are on separate islands. That are located in the Galapagos archipelago in South America off the Pacific Ocean.…
Results Exercise 1a reproduced the outcome of 30 beetle population size that has a ratio of 1:1:1 in red, orange and yellow phenotypes and indistinguishable predation ratio (1:1:1) over 20 generations. 3 trials out of 4 showed an analogous trend, the highest frequency of alleles is the yellow phenotype after the 14th generation in trial 2 and 3 and 13th generation in trial 4, making the overall surviving beetle population by 20 generations. The red beetle population showed a drastic extinction after the 13th generation in the first trial, 14th generation in second trial and 10th generation in third trial. However, the orange beetle coloration is at all times unbeaten at the beginning of the experiment, exceeding the survival of yellow beetles…
Native species also reach their range of tolerance in terms of predators. Thus we can see a predator-prey relationship disruption here which results in extinction of one species, and grow of other-…
We expect the genetic frequency of “A” and “a” to be constant based on Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. However, from the table I and graph of genetic drift, we find f(A) is increasing in the offspring and f(a) is decreasing in the offspring. We find small population size violates the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium rule. Table I and graph of genetic drift also bring into question whether the genetic drift would end up with an extinction or fixation of genes.…
The acquisition of resources in animals is an important influence on the structure and actions of a species since individuals want to pass their genes onward to survive. However, interspecific competition affects the availability of these resources and therefore influences the methods by which a species obtains them. Surf Scoter ducks demonstrate a synchronous dive and surfacing pattern, as investigated by LE Schenkeveld and RC Ydenberg, as a tactic to overpower kleptoparasites – animals who rob food from animals of other species – like gulls. In order to determine the mechanism responsible for this collective movement, the scientists investigated the hypothesis that the flocks will dive more synchronously, and therefore surface at the same…
Animals At Different Stages Of Evolution It has been proven that animals can change at different stages of evolution. This is, because of environmental change and isolation of groups of organisms and this is the main important role in evolution which has caused animals to change and is still changing. Environmental change is a change in the environment which an organism must adapt to survive. Change of the environment, can be really slow and take time, for example when mountains and deserts form and this will cause some organisms to die and may cause new species to evolve.…
Natural selection is a directional process because it shifts the genetic characteristics of a population along a specific path. In natural selection we produce more offspring to survive. We have to struggle to keep existing and adapt to new surroundings. Reproduction is a key part in our environment. Trees, animals, plants, protists, algae, and fungi all reproduce in some form.…
Evolution is a change in populations over time. It is the population that evolves, rather than an individual. There are four mechanisms of evolution: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. There were multiple contributors to the ideas of evolution, including Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace. To begin with, mutations cause genetic variation.…
In all the years that have past there is only ever been a few theories of evolution; evolution is how different organisms have developed or diversified from earlier ancestors in the history of the earth and is also known as the diversity of life. Evolution usually occurs very slowly, over long, extensive amounts of time. The idea of evolution can go as far back as the middle ages, because Aristotle explained all natural things are flawed and can be fixed in a natural way such as changing forms, ideas, or species. The very first full-fledged theory was in 1809 by Lamark; it was called "transmutation", or the inheritance of acquired characteristics.…
Introduction The purpose of my research paper was to define and expand on what animal inbreeding and selective breeding is in the Herpetology world. I have provided definitions of both along with the pros and cons as well. Once done, I hope you will have a clear understanding of the uniqueness of each along with the positive and negative aspects of both topics. Both topics are allowed to be very objective, subjective, or opinionated; however, in the end, inbreeding and selective breeding becomes a personal choice.…
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that occurs by random chance rather than natural selection. In genetic drift, a population experiences a change in the frequency of a given allele, prompted by random luck rather than a need for adaptation. This differs from natural selection, in which allelic frequency is altered based on the fittest genes surviving to reproduce and the weaker genes dying off. Genetic drift tends to be a phenomenon amongst smaller populations, while natural selection holds sway in larger populations. Life (168)…
The mechanisms of evolution are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift and natural selection. These mechanisms are based upon the changes that occur within an organism’s gene pool and how they affect those organisms and their survivability. Some of these mechanisms of evolution move quickly and affect large populations while others are slow moving and affect small populations. Not all of the evolutionary mechanisms are positive and benefit the population’s long term survival. Commonly these negative effects wipe out smaller populations that tend to be more isolated that large populations which have more genes to stave off the effects.…