Churches were gateway institutions that helped frame both individual lives and communities. This was the case for white migrants and black migrants. However, there were differences in the purpose of their churches. Black churches would promote civic activism on a continuous basis. They would assist political education and political action and would help African Americans impose powerfully into the affairs of the city. In contrast, white churches would be a less consistent source of community activism and at times would encourage social separation and political disengagement (p.
Churches were gateway institutions that helped frame both individual lives and communities. This was the case for white migrants and black migrants. However, there were differences in the purpose of their churches. Black churches would promote civic activism on a continuous basis. They would assist political education and political action and would help African Americans impose powerfully into the affairs of the city. In contrast, white churches would be a less consistent source of community activism and at times would encourage social separation and political disengagement (p.