Fortunately, most people infected with WNV will have no symptoms. About 1 in 5 people who are infected will develop a fever with other symptoms. Less than 1% of infected people develop a serious, sometimes fatal, neurologic illness. Headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Neurologic illness can include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, seizures, or paralysis.…
The Norwalk Virus is the most common cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the world. It is named for the city of Norwalk,Ohio in which the first confirmed outbreak occurred in 1968,infecting almost all the students and teachers of a nearby school. This epidemic, also known as Norovirus, is spherical shaped with hexagonal designs spanning all round its surface. When examined through a microscope,this virus can be in different colors ranging from red and orange to blue and green.…
Originating in Brazil, the virus survives year-round in over half of the country while remaining seasonal throughout the rest of South America (Document A). International travel from South America to other countries has spread the virus to every continent with confirmed cases in 43 other countries (Document A, Document C). With the US alone taking in over 2 million travelers from Brazil over a year, Zika has been spreading like wildfire (Document A). On February 1st of 2016, the World Health Organization declared the Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern because of the threat that microcephaly…
The Zika virus caused the demand for bug spray to go up. The pregnant and planning to be pregnant mother were afraid that their baby would get the birth defects associated with the disease. The shortage came about because everyone demanded more bug spray then what the companies normally supplied. It is considered to be a demand unless you factor in the possible shortage and make it a reality then it would be considered a demand of quantity. If there is a shortage of the spray then the price will rise depending on how bad people want the spray will depend how many more can is bought after the price rises.…
The virus is identified indeed as West Nile virus in the laboratory after a high index of suspicion of the symptoms of those affected with the virus. “Essentially all patients with neurologic involvement have detectable WNV-specific IgM in CSF; since IgM does not cross the…
If all of you do not already know, the Zika virus is a viral disease spread from mosquito bites. You might be thinking, “What importance does this issue hold?” Well, the Zika virus is on the rise, and with it, the once rare circumstance of Microcephaly. For example, 1.5 million cases of Zika have taken root in Brazil alone. The virus is spreading, and over 13 countries solely in the Americas have reported outbreaks.…
West nile is a virus that is most commonly spread to people by mosquito bites. There are many cases of the west nile virus. Most of the cases are in north america during mosquito season. Mosquito season starts in the summer and will continue throughout fall. Although it is most common in north america, it has been reported in all of the continental united states.…
Transmission of the disease is usually via contact with discharge and secretions from the eyes or nose of an infected dog. If it's left untreated it causes seizures, convulsions and ultimately heart and respiratory…
Function of potyvirus proteins The Potyviruses genome contains one open reading frame (ORF) which is translated as a large polyprotein (between 340k and 368k), that is cleaved into 10 functional proteins (Riechmann et al., 1992) such as: Protein P1, HC-Pro, P3 protein, CI, NIa , NIb, 6K1, 6K2, VPg. The potyviral P1 protein is a serine protease that cleaves at its own C-terminus (Verchot et al., 1991). This is the most divergent potyviral protein in size (30-63 kDa) and sequence except protease domain which is placed at C-terminal region (Yoshida et al.…
Has been historically confined to Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Russia, India and Indonesia.1 The virus’s origin dates back to 1937, when it was isolated from a woman in the West Nile District of Uganda.2 Basis for the name of the virus.2 The pathogenicity of the virus in humans was discovered in the 1950s, and in animals during the 1960s.2 Spread into Europe by migratory birds.1 During the investigation of an encephalitis outbreak in New York City in Sept 1999, West Nile Virus was first discovered in North America.2 Also spread into Canada and the Caribbean, and most U.S states.1 Is endemic in Africa.2 Latest severe outbreak of West Nile Virus occurred in 2012 in the U.S.1 2,873 cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (West Nile Meningitis…
Ebola is the most dangerous disease since HIV. According to the report by Richard Preston, an author who writes about infectious disease, the epidemic began on “December 6, 2013, in the village of Meliandou, in Guinea, in West Africa, with the death of a two-year-old boy who was suffering from diarrhea and a fever” (Preston). Since then, the outbreaks have been staggering. The virus is contracted through contact with blood and other bodily fluids. As the virus becomes more of an epidemic, health care workers traveled to West Africa to fight the deadly disease.…
Equine Encephalomyelitis, or Equine Encephalitis, is extremely deadly and rare to all equine species, and almost all cases result in death. Equine Encephalitis is an arbovirus, meaning that it is transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks and other insects (Fraser 599). A few symptoms consist of excitable behavior, walking into secured objects, and becoming drowsy (Fraser 600 and Menu and Pavord; pavord). In order to treat Equine Encephalitis you must vaccinate your horse before he/…
West Nile Virus Microbiology BIOL-2420-031 Elizabeth Carter March 30, 2017 West Nile Virus One of the most talked about and publicized viruses in the world today is the West Nile Virus. Named for the West Nile district of Uganda, West Nile Virus was first isolated in a woman in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937 (World Health Organization, 2011). Although well known today, prior to 1999 the West Nile Virus was virtually unheard of in the United States. However, in New York City 1999 that changed when we had our first recognized case. Each summer since then it has progressively spread across the continental US infecting 1000s along the way.…
The Road Virus Heads Norths is a horror story written by Stephen King. In the story, Richard Kinnell, who is a horror writer, buys a painting on his way home. The paint is painted by a genius who killed himself after he burned all his paintings except this one. As Kinnell drives north towards his home, he found that some details in the painting have been changing. At first he dismisses them, but he then realizes that the man in the painting has been following him somehow.…
The West Nile Virus, once a disease-causing virus only located in Uganda came to the U.S. and caused an outbreak in Colorado. The virus was transmitted through mosquitos carrying the virus. The…