As for the first approach, greater observations figured out that both monogamous and polygamous lifestyles are possible for penguins, but the second variant is met only in 15 percent of cases.
Moreover, the only place for laying eggs was also a mistake because the recent research of Institute of Minnesota fixed six cases when animals had altered their rookery. So we can deduce that the approaches wrong.
Furthermore, nowadays it’s also incorrect to suppose that emperor penguins are not in