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Upper or lower motor neurons
all body movements generated by stimulation of skeletal muscle fibres
lower motor neurons
complex movements
coordination of LMN activity by UMN originating in the cerebral cortex & brainstem
What regulates upper motor neurons?
cerebellum
basal ganglia
Motor programs in the spinal cord occur without input from ?? and are modified by ??
occur without input from brain
modified by descending commands from brain
What is the smallest component of the motor system?
motor unit
What does the motor unit consist of?
lower motor neurones
muscle fibres it innervates
What do alpha motor neurons innervate?
striated extrafusal muscle fibres that generate forces required for movement and postural balance
What are the different types of motor units?
slow motor units
fast motor units--fatigue resistant and fast fatigable
what do the slow motor units consist of and what do they do?
most numerous
red fibers
a lot of mitochondria
slow to contract
sustain contraction without fatigue
postural control
What do the fast motor units consist of and what do they do?
pale fibers
fewer mitochondria
contract rapidly and powerfully
fatigue more quickly
arm muscles, jumping/sprinting muscles
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