The purpose of this lab is to determine the Ka of an indicator within an unknown solution. This can be determined because acid-base indicators are weak bases or acids, and when neutralized they change colors. The color change is measured by the light absorption spectra in the compound which can be used to calculate the concentration. This experiment measures the concentrations by the different pH values which allows the pKa and Ka to be determined. Through the experiment, and the recorded color change with the use of the Spec 20 the unknown Ka of the solution was found.…
Materials. Numerous substances in the experiment were used. The most frequently used was the unknown due to the need to test its physical and chemical qualities. When a solution of the unknown was made, 1.000 g of the unknown and 1.0 mL of water was used to make it. To test for the possible ions, 1.0 mL of silver nitrate and 1.0 mL of nitric acid were used for the ion test.…
This lab was a two week long lab called the Grignard Reaction lab. The purpose of this lab was to perform the Grignard reaction and to obtain the final product triphenylmethanol from a halide, phenylmagnesium bromide and the starting material, methyl benzoate along with the Grignard reagent. Bromobenzene, magnesium turnings, and anhydrous ether were needed to form the Grignard reagent. To synthesize the reagent, react the reagent with methyl benzoate to form a tertiary alcohol. The objective of the Grignard Reaction lab was to obtain the actual yield of the product, to calculate theoretical and percent yield of the product, and to record the melting point of the product.…
Lingrui Ge Lab report October 18, 2015 Experiment #5 Separation and Qualitative Analysis of Cations CHEM 1315-088 Purpose of the experiment: To identify the substances that are present in a mixture. Materials: Test Solutions and Substances 6 M hydrochloric acid, HCl Sodium bismuthate, NaBiO3 (s) 6 M nitric acid, HNO3 0.1 M potassium thiocyanate, KSCN 6 M ammonia/ammonium hydroxide, NH3 3% hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 6 M sulfuric acid, H2SO4 Sodium bismuthate, NaBiO3 (s) 6 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH Cation Solutions 0.2 M silver nitrate, AgNO3 0.5 M lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 0.2 M mercury (I) nitrate, Hg2(NO3)2 0.2 M iron (III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3 0.2 M copper (II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2 0.2 M manganese (II) nitrate, Mn(NO3)2 Equipment…
For this experiment, a group was employed by the Environmental Protection Agency as analytical chemists. Their goal was to identify an unknown compound that has been discovered in a landfill in their hometown. Once they identified the compound, they would then have to determine both the chemical and physical properties of the compound in order to inform the townspeople of any potential dangers. During the first week of lab, the group was given a small bottle containing an unknown white crystal-like substance.…
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the product that is produced from sodium hypochlorite oxidizing 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and this experiment is to also determine if sodium hypochlorite is a selective oxidizing agent. This reaction is an oxidation reaction. The reaction involves the removal hydrogens and sometimes the addition of oxygen. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol will undergo an oxidation reaction to produce an unknown product (Scheme 1). (1) Scheme 1. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes a reaction with sodium hypochlorite and glacial acetic acid to produce an unknown product.…
Abstract: The Grignard reaction was successfully accomplished. An amount of 1.20 ml of 2-methyl-2-pentanol was collected, and 9.60% yield was calculated based on the theoretical yield. Despite the low amount of 2-methyl-2-pentanol, its identity was confirmed by comparing the experimental refractive index and infrared spectrum to the literature refractive index and infrared spectrum of 2-methyl-2-pentanol. Statement and purpose The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a specific alcohol by using the Grignard reaction.…
Was More Copper Created? Harshal Patel* and Isaac Cenoz Chem 111-491 Introduction: Copper is one of the most important and diverse elements found in nature all over the world because it can be chemically reacted with many other elements and compounds. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the different reactions that occurred through the lab and the different types of reactions.…
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the stereochemistry of the electrophilic addition using (E)-Stilbene, a trans-isomer of ethylene. Bromine was added and reacted with (E)-Stilbene to form an alkene. A product was made with both a meso-stilbene dibromide and a d/l-stilbene dibromide, which is trans-stilbene dibromide. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION For the reaction to form these two different compounds with the same starting reactants, the double bond of (E)-Stilbene has to attack one bromide.…
Discussion of Results and Scientific Explanation To achieve the goal of determining an unknown acid or base, anion and cation test were performed. These tests allowed for the components of the solutions to be identified, therefore, achieve the second goal. The pH was also used in to help find the identity of the unknown solutions and it was used to draw conclusions about the solutions. Dilutions were used to help understand the different behaviors of different concentrations. Household items were used to help apply basic theories about acids and bases such as pH. The titration curves were evaluated to help determine which indicator needed to be used for the indicator titration.…
The purpose of this lab is to practice different scientific methods, practice making different observations, and observe chemical and physical changes. What we did was measure out 4 grams of the powder and same with the little ball shaped chemicals that were solid. What happened in this experiment was when you put the liquid chemical called the acid indicator in the different types joined and formed a gas type substance. And our uncertainty was low, we had no idea if we were doing the lab right and if we were going to get the right results but we had it in the bag. We had learned new things like how to make a reaction, gas, chemical, and burn something without a flame.…
When you add 6.0 M NaOH into the iron (III) thiocyanate ion equilibrium system, the concentration of Fe+3 ion decreases. This causes the equilibrium to favour the reactants, which explains the observed colour change of the solution. 3. If the hydrated cobalt (II) ion complex was refrigerated, the equilibrium would shift and the reactants side would be favoured.…
This was necessary because hydrochloric acid helped separate the cations, which is what was needed in order to distinguish the lead or silver from the calcium or barium. It did this because the chlorine ion of HCl was able to bond with silver or lead, leaving the other cation in the liquid solution that was decanted and set aside for Part B.1 In Step 5, the sample with either silver or lead was heated in a water bath. This step was essential as heating the solution broke any ionic bonds within the…
In this experiment, a Wittig reaction was performed in order to synthesize a mixtures of (E)- and (Z)-stilbene. Photoisomerization was then performed to isolate (E)-stilbene by transforming (Z)-stilbene into (E)-stilbene. The presence of the products throughout the experiment was monitored by 1H NMR. The final product was then characterized by 1H NMR, IR and its melting point. During synthesize of the product, the appearance of the reaction mixture changed.…
A mixture of 5.0 mL concentrated nitric acid and 5.0 mL concentrated sulfuric acid was prepared in a 100-mL Erlenmeyer flask and was placed into a water bath to cool to room temperature. 3.93 grams of bromobenzene was added to the solution over a period of 10 minutes with constant mixing. After all of the bromobenzene is added, the mixture was heated with a hot water bath for 30 minutes. The flask was cooled to room temperature and then poured into 50 mL of ice-cold water in a 200 mL beaker. The crude product was isolated by vacuum filtration and then washed with cold water.…