He argued, “There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects” (Madison, 1787).
Professor Robert Rowland explains how Madison’s ideals relate to the liberal public sphere. “Madison’s liberal theory of the public sphere is grounded in support from representative as opposed to participatory democracy…At the constitutional Convention, he argued simply that Representation was an expedient by which the meeting of the people themselves was rendered unnecessary” (Rowland, 2005).
Rowland goes on to explain that there are three primary goals, “protection of liberty, representation of the people and effective action.” When we evaluate the effects of media and public officials that are to represent the community, the inability to disseminate information quickly enough to counter the immediate response of the citizens to the immediate information released on the public and social media, leads people to unite in a faction, which is a key threat to …show more content…
He goes on to explain that the public sphere has changed from “political tasks of citizenry” to “tasks of a society engaged in critical public debate. This relates to Rowland’s explanation concerning how public debate and dialogue can find better ways to interact with and interpret the world resulting in social progress and to the people. Social media has become that better way. Habermas goes on to explain how the public sphere needs to be available without any interference, and allow citizens freedom to express their own opinions. “Equal access to the public sphere is provided to all” (Habermas 1991). It is difficult for this type of public sphere to exists especially with the involvement of government. Governmental involvement throughout history has shown its inability to not interfere with free dialogue between government and the media and citizens. Habermas explained that for governments to say they will not interfere from intrusion allows for bureaucratic organizations, or special interest groups, to enjoy the ability to form assemblies and demonstrations. But Habermas also stated that there needs to be active citizen participation in the public and political sphere to ensure the organizations fulfill their responsibilities and its structural order is