This is because the extraction is based on the separation of the acid, base, and neutral components due to their different solubilities, where one would be soluble while another is not, (as mentioned in the introduction). Solubility is the principle of compounds (known as the solute) dissolving in the solvent (often water, but in this case diethyl ether, hydrochloric acid, etc) because the charges of the compound interact with the charges of the solvent. For instance, sodium chloride dissolves in water because the sodium cation has a positive charge and the chlorine anion has a negative charge. The water molecules also have partial charges because the oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, pulling electrons toward itself, producing a partial negative charge with a resultant partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. The charges between the sodium chloride and the water interact leading to a phenomenon known as solvolysis where the solute is interacting with the solvent molecules too much to reassociate to each other5. So, the sodium chloride molecules are interacting so much with the water molecules that they do not reassociate as table salt. In the case of the extraction, the different salts were soluble in water due to this phenomenon and why extraction works because salts are produced as a byproduct of acid-base
This is because the extraction is based on the separation of the acid, base, and neutral components due to their different solubilities, where one would be soluble while another is not, (as mentioned in the introduction). Solubility is the principle of compounds (known as the solute) dissolving in the solvent (often water, but in this case diethyl ether, hydrochloric acid, etc) because the charges of the compound interact with the charges of the solvent. For instance, sodium chloride dissolves in water because the sodium cation has a positive charge and the chlorine anion has a negative charge. The water molecules also have partial charges because the oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, pulling electrons toward itself, producing a partial negative charge with a resultant partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. The charges between the sodium chloride and the water interact leading to a phenomenon known as solvolysis where the solute is interacting with the solvent molecules too much to reassociate to each other5. So, the sodium chloride molecules are interacting so much with the water molecules that they do not reassociate as table salt. In the case of the extraction, the different salts were soluble in water due to this phenomenon and why extraction works because salts are produced as a byproduct of acid-base