The range of hosts of M. pistaciaecola includes gall-forming Fordini aphids on Pistacia, whereas the host ranges of
M. vesicarii and M. japonica sp. n. encompass gall-forming Pemphigus aphids on Populus. Some temporary confusion was due to erroneous interpretation by Starý (1970, 1979) and others who attributed the diapause cocoons of Pemphigus to M. pistaciaecola, whereas the later description and separation of M. vesicarii (Tremblay
1991) clarified the situation and helped to elucidate the true host range of these two congeneric species. The data were also reviewed and re-evaluated by Starý (2006).
Both host aphid groups are holocyclic dioecious, alternating between trees (Fordini on Pistacia, Pemphigini on
Populus) and roots of herbaceous …show more content…
pistaciaecola as a member of the Mediterranean-Central Asian faunal complex.
However, new data have slightly modified this view. Monoctonia pistaciaecola is restricted to Fordini on Pistacia in warmer areas of the Mediterranean region, Asia Minor, and Central Asia. Monoctonia vesicarii has a similar distribution. In addition to the Mediterranean region, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, M. vesicarii inhabits Central and Western Europe at least. As an exclusive parasitoid of Pemphigus aphids on Populus, it can be considered a member of Mediterranean and European deciduous forest faunal complexes. The range of Populus is rather extensive, and association of many species with rivers has contributed to its vertical and horizontal zonation, with the result that M. vesicarii can be expected to have a much broader distribution. Our description of M. japonica sp.
n. from Japan extends the distribution of the genus to the whole Palaearctic region. To our knowledge, M. japonica sp. n. exclusively parasitizes Pemphigus matsumurai on Populus maximowitzi and thus can be classified as a member of the Far Eastern deciduous forest faunal complex.
The genus Monoctonia is most likely a relict from the late Paleogene or early Neogene (a Tertiary relict, …show more content…
pistaciaecola evolved after the divergence between Asian and European
Pistacia species.
The second clade within the genus Monoctonia is comprised of two species which are parasitoids of
Pemphigus aphids on poplars. Monoctonia vesicarii and M. japonica sp. n. are the closest of relatives, but they differ significantly in host range. Monoctonia japonica sp. n. is a specialized parasitoid of P. matsumurai, which is one of the basal species of the genus and even of the tribe Pemphigini (Liu et al. 2014), while M. vesicarii parasitizes phylogenetically younger Pemphigus species (Pike et al. 2007; Liu et al. 2014). In addition to this, M. vesicarii and M. japonica sp. n. represent another example of differentiation of congeneric species between the western and eastern Palaearctic, which is common in Aphidiinae [Aclitus obscuripennis Foerster in Europe vs. A. sappaphis Takada in Japan, Euaphidius setiger Mackauer vs. E. areolatus Ashmead, Protaphidius wissmannii
Ratzberg vs. P. nawaii (Ashmead), Paralipsis enervis (Nees) vs. P. eikoae Yasumatsu, Calaphidius elegans
Mackauer vs. C. watanabei (Takada), Falciconus pseudoplatani Marshall vs. F. longiradius Takada] (Starý 1970;
Takada & Shiga 1974; Takada 1983; Takada & Hashimoto 1985; Davidian
M. vesicarii and M. japonica sp. n. encompass gall-forming Pemphigus aphids on Populus. Some temporary confusion was due to erroneous interpretation by Starý (1970, 1979) and others who attributed the diapause cocoons of Pemphigus to M. pistaciaecola, whereas the later description and separation of M. vesicarii (Tremblay
1991) clarified the situation and helped to elucidate the true host range of these two congeneric species. The data were also reviewed and re-evaluated by Starý (2006).
Both host aphid groups are holocyclic dioecious, alternating between trees (Fordini on Pistacia, Pemphigini on
Populus) and roots of herbaceous …show more content…
pistaciaecola as a member of the Mediterranean-Central Asian faunal complex.
However, new data have slightly modified this view. Monoctonia pistaciaecola is restricted to Fordini on Pistacia in warmer areas of the Mediterranean region, Asia Minor, and Central Asia. Monoctonia vesicarii has a similar distribution. In addition to the Mediterranean region, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, M. vesicarii inhabits Central and Western Europe at least. As an exclusive parasitoid of Pemphigus aphids on Populus, it can be considered a member of Mediterranean and European deciduous forest faunal complexes. The range of Populus is rather extensive, and association of many species with rivers has contributed to its vertical and horizontal zonation, with the result that M. vesicarii can be expected to have a much broader distribution. Our description of M. japonica sp.
n. from Japan extends the distribution of the genus to the whole Palaearctic region. To our knowledge, M. japonica sp. n. exclusively parasitizes Pemphigus matsumurai on Populus maximowitzi and thus can be classified as a member of the Far Eastern deciduous forest faunal complex.
The genus Monoctonia is most likely a relict from the late Paleogene or early Neogene (a Tertiary relict, …show more content…
pistaciaecola evolved after the divergence between Asian and European
Pistacia species.
The second clade within the genus Monoctonia is comprised of two species which are parasitoids of
Pemphigus aphids on poplars. Monoctonia vesicarii and M. japonica sp. n. are the closest of relatives, but they differ significantly in host range. Monoctonia japonica sp. n. is a specialized parasitoid of P. matsumurai, which is one of the basal species of the genus and even of the tribe Pemphigini (Liu et al. 2014), while M. vesicarii parasitizes phylogenetically younger Pemphigus species (Pike et al. 2007; Liu et al. 2014). In addition to this, M. vesicarii and M. japonica sp. n. represent another example of differentiation of congeneric species between the western and eastern Palaearctic, which is common in Aphidiinae [Aclitus obscuripennis Foerster in Europe vs. A. sappaphis Takada in Japan, Euaphidius setiger Mackauer vs. E. areolatus Ashmead, Protaphidius wissmannii
Ratzberg vs. P. nawaii (Ashmead), Paralipsis enervis (Nees) vs. P. eikoae Yasumatsu, Calaphidius elegans
Mackauer vs. C. watanabei (Takada), Falciconus pseudoplatani Marshall vs. F. longiradius Takada] (Starý 1970;
Takada & Shiga 1974; Takada 1983; Takada & Hashimoto 1985; Davidian