Zavodny, 2014, pg. 145). The Static-99 utilizes only static (unchangeable) factors that have been seen in the literature to correlate with sexual reconviction in adult males. The estimates of sexual and violent recidivism produced by the Static-99 can be thought of as a baseline of risk for violent and sexual reconviction” (DeCule et al., 2014, pg.146).
This assessment was actually revised in October of 2009, and now has another form, the Static-99R. The 99R contains the same items as the original assessment, except the age item was revised. It was revised to be more consistent with research findings, especially the findings that were in regards to the decline of recidivism with increased age (DeClue, 2014). The SVR-20, SORAG, and Static 99, have all been proven to be reliable and valid. As stated before, The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) is also widely used. General psychological characteristics assessed by the MMPI and MMPI-2 that may be useful in an evaluation of sex offending include formal psychopathology, such as thought disorder or depression; personality disorder, which may be related to impulsivity and potential for acting out under stress; and family problems, alcohol abuse, and abnormal health concerns (Richard I. Lanyon, 2001, pg.