In “Race Making and the Nation-State”, Anthony Marx begins his analysis about the persistence of racism in the United States (U.S.), Brazil and South Africa by questioning why race is so salient when in actuality, race is a “made” concept. Marx views historical and economic explanations, along with arguments about miscegenation and how race impacts a Nation-State. Racial concepts are most similar within the U.S. and South Africa due to past legal/formal discrimination whereas Brazil never had discriminatory practices within their laws. Brazil continually promoted the idea of a racial democracy and historically, Brazil was racially tolerant because of the views of their Portuguese colonizers. Marx claims that they recognized the humanity of
