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The histology of the tracheobronchial tree is composed of three layers:
epithelial lining, lamina propria and cartilaginous layer
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is located
posterior 2/3 of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx
occurs below the vocal cords to the subsegmental airways (transition occurs in the bronchioles)
In PSCCE, mucus blanket is composed of __% water
95%
The mucus blanket of the PSCCE is produced by ______ cells and the __________ ______
goblet cells and the submucosal glands
Submucosal glands produce the ________ of the mucus and are particularly numerous in the ______ sized airways
majority, medium
_____ move the mucus layer at a rate of ~_cm per minute
cilia, 2cm
Cilia moving mucus is referred to as the (2 things)
muscociliary escalator or muscociliary transport
Factors that slow mucociliary transport (9)
cigarette smoke
atmospheric pollutants
dehydration
hypoxia
positive pressure ventilation
endotracheal suctioning
high inspired oxygen concentrations
general anesthetics
parasympatholytics
cuboidal epithelium occurs from
the bronchioles to the respiratory bronchioles
simple squamous epithelium occurs
in the gas exchange zone
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