term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
Please sign in to your Google account to access your documents:
Sir robert peel. What did he do?
He became PM in 1841 (1834-35 & 1841-46). Quickly moved to a Free trade economic policy. Reduced taxes on imports in 1842 and 1845. 1842 Income tax on the rich mainly, first ever!
Tried to end corn law which split Cons. Gladstone his 'successor'.
'Mid victorian boom' It consisted of what?
- Agricultural efficiant methords of production.
workers enjoy rising wages, sustained employment, falling prices of food, and WC had disposable income.
- Confidence in financial system. Bank charter act (1844 by Peel) meant improving their stability and new regulations.
- (1844 by Peel) Regulation of companies in a Companies Act. Took out fraud companies, became a basis for updating the regulation of new companies.
- The expansion of the railway system. Improvement in telegraph communications, Meant good were transported quickly and cheaply all year round.
What were the consequences of USA's Civil war?
Lasted until 1865. Cotton famine. Tens of thousands of factory workers thrown out of work or into Short-time working. 1860-61 exceptionally severe weather, serious crisis in london as docks closed, projects put on hold and supplies ran short, wide spread unemployment.
However it was short term, work continued and cotton supplies resumed.
The Social impact of industrialisation (1850's)
- Working classes had greater access to information and ideas than their rural counterparts. Still restricted but possible to read and write, improved understanding of social and political issues. Organised working class activities like trade unions.
- Public health increasing concern
- Religious tensions. Divisions between Anglican church and nonconformists/dissenters. They were found in all classes, represented a force of people united by religion even if divided by class. 1851 Still barriers to dissenters in society however they were a comfortable majority. Anglican attendence: 3,773,000. Dissenters 3,487,000
- Regional Differences steadily eroded. Dialects seemingly foreign and some completely different. Railway reduced traveling times and meant people and goods could travel. National diet changed from regional.
The chartists. Who were they and what did they want?
A movement from the 'people's charter' 1836. They demanded a new reform act from the GRA of 1832.
. All men can vote at 21
. property qualifications abolished for MPs
. Secret voting
. Every constituency have the same voters
. MPS paid £500 (£560,000 to us) so they'd be free from corruption
. general elections annually
They didn't have much prospect but prompted cons and peel to move to social & economic changes. Had LT impact with WC, helped alcohol abuse and had a thriving women's movement. Ended in 1850s
The poor law. What was it?
Money for people who could'nt support themselves from dying or starvation. The power to administer the law was deglegated under the system to the individual parishes. (15,000 such). Different parishes had different practices with dealing with the 'relief'. 1830's it's cost was getting too much, thought it to be abolished for anyone able bodied. Set up the Royal Comission which made the Report of the Poor law1834.
Royal comission and their report.
Said for relief to be given to men and women but only in gender segregated workhouses. Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 set up the Comission and gave it powers to enforce its regulations. However by 1851 these hadn't been fully implimented. Separate workhouses rare, able-bodied still got relief outside workhouses. Strict diet, severe discipline, lack of freedom, and humiliation.
1850/1860 mainly consisted of women and children. Abolition in 1929.
Gladstone as Chancellor of the exchequer. What did he do? (1852-55 & 1859-65)
He conincided with rising prosperity, iproved living standards, diet of WC, unemployment was lower, value of real wages rose. He played a part but general upturn of world trade and greater political stability in europe were also important factors. He carried on Peellite policies.
He did the Post savings Accounts in 1861 which meant workers could save money. It was good for public finances. Also sponsored Cobden treaty with france (trade). He reduced threshold on income tax £150 to £100. Raised income tax to help deficit from cimeran war when he became chancellor again. Abolished stamp duties on newspapers making it easier for WC to buy. Helped literacy.
Cooperatives. (The cooperative movment and 'self help')
Set up to help WC. Cooperative schemes and Rochdale principles. Sell items too expensive for ordinary workers to buy. Limited return for investors, Reinvestment of surpluses into the business, democratic managment, promotion of education, non-political, and tolerant of all religions.
Helped change the UC view of WC. Now a backbone.
Trade unions. (1815, Ban lifted in 1824, 1848)
Didn't have an affect till 1850s as they were slow and many failed (limited protests amd influence on economy and social)
1851 ASE formed and they wanted to negotiate with employers on mutual interest not seek confrontation through strikes. Charged a high rate but gave a benefit scheme. Others followed suit. Like the TUC (trade union congress). However there were violent strikes and in one union there were stolen funds. Royal commission set up to look into unions.
Need help typing ? See our FAQ (opens in new window)
Please sign in to create this set. We'll bring you back here when you are done.
Discard Changes Sign in
Please sign in to add to folders.
Sign in
Don't have an account? Sign Up »
You have created 2 folders. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders!