term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
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stratified societies
societies in which there is a permanent hierarchy that accords some members privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige
gender
the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex
class
a ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economics
clientage
the institution linking individuals from upper and lower levels in a stratified society
caste
a ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals from moving from one caste to another
race
a human population category whose boundaries allegedly correspond to a distinct set of biological attributes
racism
the systematic oppression of one or more socially defined "races" by another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposedly inherent biological superiority of the rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule
ethnic groups
social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of ethnicity
ethnicity
a principle of social classification used to create groups based on selected cultural features such as language, religion, or dress; ethnicity emerges from historical processes that incorporate distinct social groups into a single political structure under conditions of inequality
nation
a group of people believed to share the same history, culture, language, and even the same physical substance
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