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Popular Majority View
"Well done Chamberlain"
-From 1937-38
-People approved and supported of Neville Chamberlain and The Munich Agreement
-Halifax supported him
C O N T EX T:
-Memory of WW1
-People did not want war over Czechoslovakia
C H A L L E N G E S:
-Winston and Low
I M P AC T:
-Short-lived
-WW2
Popular and Political View
"The Guilty Men", book published in 1940
-From 1939-48
-Appeasement did not keep peace
-Britain defenseless, gave into the axis powers in 1931
C O N T E X T:
-Opposition grew when war broke out in 1939
-Neville Chamberlain was a scapegoat
-Churchill wanted to fight, Halifax peace
I M P A CT:
-Churchill defeated Halifax + became leader of Britain's War Policy
-Churchill conservative party was condemned, losing the election in 1945
-There were no challenges
Orthodox View
"Miscalculated and misjudged Hitler"
-From 1948-60s
-War ends in 1945
-Churchill loses election
-Churchill writes 'The Gathering Storm'
-Churchill was self-promoting
-The Cold War occurred after WW2, between the USA and USSR
I M P A C T:
-Churchill widely accepted
-No historians have challenged his account
-Influenced other politicians, Tony Blair (2003)-"important not to repeat the mistakes of appeasement".
-Very few opposed
Academic Revisionist View
"Rehabilitating Neville Chamberlain"
-From 1960-90s
-Chamberlain did the best he could
-Historians questioned Churchill's views
-Revisionism raised, which is where new evidence comes to light
-Appeasement owned Britain time to build up military
-Radical thinking
-Vietnam War
-Economic problems
-Military
-Fear of the USSR
-Empire
-Academic debate
-Revisionist didn't make a big impact
-Churchill's view remained popular
-View challenged in 1990s
Academic-Counter Revisionist View
"Least responsible"
-From 1990s-2000s
-Chamberlain had no choice
-Debating views of the previous historians
-1989, Cold War ended + archives from USSR became available. These documents gave insight into the relationship between Hitler and Chamberlain
-Not as controversial
-Still remains to be debated today
-Revisionists have challenged this interpretation
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