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What are the 5 Types of Building Construction?
NFPA 220
Type 1: Fire Resistive
Type 2: Non-Combustible
Type 3: Ordinary
Type 4: Heavy Timber
Type 5: Wood Frame
What is Type 1: Fire Resistive construction?
Walls, partitions, columns, floors and roofs are noncombustible. Designed to withstand the
effects of fire for a limited time and prevent fire spread. Made of poured concrete and steel. Steel members must have a fire protective
coating.
example of Fire Resistive - High Rise
What is Type 2: Non-combustible construction?
Walls, partitions, columns, floors and roofs are noncombustible but
provide less fire resistance. Does not withstand the effects of fire or fire spread. "Noncombustible" refers to the fuel the building contributes, not its resistance to spread of fire. Typically exposed metal floor and roof
system and metal or masonry walls. Least stable in terms of collapse, when exposed to fire.
example of Non-combustible - Newer construction, Strip malls,
modern taxpayers
What is Type 3: Ordinary construction?
Walls of masonry or other noncombustible walls with a 2 hour fire rating. Floors, roofs and
interior partitions are of wood.
example of Ordinary - The Old Ballard Fire House
What is Type 4: Heavy Timber construction?
Walls of masonry or other noncombustible walls with a 2 hour fire rating. Interior columns, beams and girders are heavy timber (minimum 8x8). Floors and roofs are heavy planks (3x6 minimum). Extremely heavy fire load yet resistant to ignition and collapse due to mass of structural
members. Usually lacks hidden voids. Once ignited, it requires large
volumes of water to extinguish.
example of Heavy Timber / Mill - Ballard Industrial, Salty Dog
What is Type 5: Wood Frame construction?
Walls, floors, and roofs that are made wholly or in part of wood. Structure contributes
significantly to fire load yet is reasonably
resistant to collapse.
(Exception, lightweight construction)
example of Wood Frame - the modern home
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