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abstinence syndrome occurs when ______
clients abruptly withdraw from a substance to which they are physically dependent
withdrawing from a substance that has the potential to cause addiction can cause __________________
abstinence syndrome
manifestations of abstinence syndrome can be distressing and may lead to _____________
coma and death
what are the major substances associated with substance use disorder?
1. alcohol
2. cannabis
3. hallucinogens
4. inhalants
5. opioids
6. sedatives/hypnotics
7. stimulants
8. tobacco
what are some of the manifestations substance withdrawal can produce?
GI distress, neurological/behavioral changes/cardiovascular changes and seizures
substance withdrawal varies depending on the ____________
substance
when do effects of alcohol withdrawal start, peak, and subside?
start within 4 to 12 hours of last intake of alcohol, peak after 24 to 48 hours and subside within 5 to 7 days
why might the effects of alcohol withdrawal not subside within 5 to 7 days?
withdrawal delirium occurs
what are the manifestations of alcohol withdrawal?
nausea, vomiting, tremors, restlessness, and inability to sleep; depressed mood or irritability; increased HR, BP, respiratory rate, and temp; tonic-clonic seizures; illusions are common
alcohol withdrawal delirium
may occur 2 to 3 days after cessation of alcohol, last 2 to 3 days and is considered a medical emergency
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