Synthesis Essay

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) within organisms can be methylated while proteins can be either methylated or acetylated. The methylation of DNA and RNA is used for alternative splicing used for production of different mRNA molecules resulting in numerous new proteins. One of the molecules believed to perform the methylation is N6A or N6 methyladenosine. Methylation is the most observed modification to mRNA molecules. Methylation of both DNA and RNA ensures…

A speculum is inserted into the vagina to clear an opening so that the cervical ostium can be localized and cleansed. A sterile saline flushed catheter is advanced through the cervical ostium into the cervical canal, where its balloon tip is inflated to hold the catheter in place. The vaginal probe can now be inserted while a sterile saline filled syringe is attached to the catheter. The saline is pushed through the syringe and through the catheter while the transducer moves from left to right…

Below is the summary of the hair results from the Sasquatch Genome Study: One hundred eleven samples of blood, tissue, hair, and other types of specimens were studied, characterized and hypothesized to be obtained from elusive hominins in North America commonly referred to as Sasquatch. DNA was extracted and purified from a subset of these samples that survived rigorous screening for wildlife species identification. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, specific genetic loci sequencing,…

The purpose of this lab was to prepare tetraphenylcyclopentadienone most commonly known as tetracyclone. This involved a 3-step synthesis over the course of 3 weeks. The first step was the preparation of benzoin, which was completed through self-condensation of benzaldehyde with thiamine used as the base catalyst of the reaction. The next step was the preparation of benzil from the oxidation reaction of benzoin with nitric acid. In the oxidation reaction, the alcohol functional group of benzoin…

This paper is going to describe the replication of DNA and RNA and the processes of transcription and translation of protein synthesis. What is DNA? DNA is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in cells and some viruses, consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. DNA sequences are replicated by the cell prior to cell division and may include genes,…

On account of their unique reactive features, rapid and easy generation they grabbed the attention of synthetic organic chemists. Synthesis of biaryl18,19 have received much attention in recent years because of their frequent occurrence in many natural products,20-22 pharmaceutically active compounds23-26 (Figure 18) and their wide applications in asymmetric synthesis,27-31 molecular catalysis 32-34 and material science35,36. In the past decades metal mediated…

Abstract: We describe the successful synthesis of Polypyrrole-Gold nanocomposites (PPy-Au NCs) by the chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with ferric chloride as an oxidizing agent, in the presence of a colloidal suspension of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized by standard citrate reduction method. Au NPs and PPy-Au NCs were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Forced Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier…

would require more protein to be able to function and to produce new daughter cells. C-myc has been shown to regulate genes that encode ribosomal RNAs and proteins that help to synthesize and piece together the ribosomes that function in protein synthesis (van Riggelen et al., 2010). Among these proteins are RNA polymerases I and III, which function in forming the substrate for these ribosomes, mRNA. While the overexpression of c-myc probably leads to a large cell size, it has not been…

Transforming Genetic Material To E. Coli Using Plasmids Proteins are created within the body through a process known as central dogma. This process is the transcription of DNA to RNA and the translation of RNA to proteins. The type of protein created relies on what type of messenger RNA or mRNA that was produced during the transcription of DNA. In our experiment, we looked at the specific LacZ gene that codes for beta-galactosidase, which is a protein/enzyme that can break down lactose into its…

Phagocytosis: The effects of time and Latrunculin on endocytosis. Introduction Phagocytosis is a process in which cells engulfed foreign materials. Eukaryotic cells can engulf different particles and solutes from their environment using a variety of mechanisms called endocytosis. Some cells can carry out large endocytic processes called phagocytosis and micropinocytosis. These processes can internalize particles (>0.5um) whereas internalization of fluids through micropinocytosis mechanisms…