Crystallographic defect

Abstract: This paper provides a brief summary of existing article Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Defects by Vladislav Ischenko,Sebastian Polarz,Dirk Grote,Victorina Sravarache,Karin Fink,and Matthias Driess. This paper discusses the importance of a nanoscale ZnO with defects in its structure. The article also provides a broad analysis of ZnO nanoparticles using a consolidation of techniques and the resulting data is summarised in this review. The paper gives the realization of when a nanocrystalline ZnO that is rich in defects could be obtained. The types of defects and impact of electronic characteristics due to their existence is reviewed in this summary. Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide, Defects, Defect structure. INTRODUCTION ZnO is an important nanomaterial due to its vast scope of properties and applications. It has the richest range of nanostructures in terms of morphology and characteristics. ZnO nanostructures have innovative applications in optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and bio-medical sciences [2]. the control over ZnO’s rich defect chemistry which is important in controlling properties is the reason for having its vast range of applications. ZnO usage in low pressure methanol synthesis as a component of composite catalysts as it prolongs the catalyst life [3]. ZnO after reduction leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies this in turn helps the catalytic activity by acting as an active…

ZEVs raises serious concerns about the environmental impacts of ZEVs due to their production and use. Is CARB’s push for ZEVs premature given the present state of battery technology? Will the production of ZEVs lead to unforeseen environmental destruction? Or are ZEVs the answer to our air pollution woes? This paper analyzes the feasibility of electric cars and the impacts of their production on the environment. The components of air pollution have been attributed to a number of serious…

Congenital heart diseases refers to the structural (anatomical) or physiological defects in the normal functioning of the heart as a result of birth defects that may be diagnosed soon after birth or may take years to produce full blown cardiac insufficiency. Valvular heart defects form the most common variety of congenital cardiac defect that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in adult years if no management options are employed. This is because the metabolic demands of the body…

Congenital heart disease can describe a number of different problems affecting the heart. It is the most common type of birth defect. CHD causes more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defects. There are many causes of CHD including problems with genes or chromosomes in the child, taking certain medications, drugs, or alcohol during pregnancy,and a viral infection, like rubella in the mother, in the first trimester or pregnancy. All of these things can cause your baby's heart…

Other tests that can be useful but not used for a definitive diagnosis are hemoglobin and hematocrit studies, chest x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrocardiography. Treatments Surgical treatment is required but due to TOF being a progressive disorder the timing of the surgery may be different because of the severity of the anomaly. Currently the trend is to have the surgery before the age of one year old, in which the primary operation is usually performed under cardiopulmonary…

and have patience. You have to be able to do your job and make the children feel safe and secure. Pediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases. There are many branches in pediatrics--such as, pediatric dentist, pediatric nurse, pediatric cardiologist, etc. All these branches of pediatrics deal with different kinds of illnesses. Pediatric dentists deal with the structure of a child’s mouth. A lot of children have problems with their jaw alignment, resulting in…

At the age of 11, Gacy hit his head on a swing which caused a blood clot in his brain that resulted in numerous blackouts; head trauma can cause criminal behavior based on phenology--a biological sub-theory. Also, when Gacy was 17, he was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect that forced him to be hospitalized occasionally throughout his life. Avatism, another biological sub-theory, focuses on abnormal physical traits most criminals exhibit; for example, Gacy has large lips and lots of body…

her home later that afternoon. Little did we know that our journey was just beginning!!! They transported her by ambulance and we followed. By the time we got to Iowa City she had stopped breathing twice. We got to 2JCW and the nurse handed Reagen to me to try to feed and she stopped breathing in my arms. They rushed her over to the NICU and within an hour they had come out with the words you never want to hear about you newborn baby. You daughter has a very serious heart condition.…

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common congenital defect. I find it to be a very interesting topic for various reasons. One of them is because the first open heart surgery in America over half a century ago was to fix Tetralogy of Fallot. One of the other reasons is that this is a very complex defect and it is a defect that we cannot prevent from occurring. From the very first surgery to fix Tetralogy of Fallot it was a successful procedure. Over time technology and new research has benefited…

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that affects nearly on in one thousand births a year (Rathus, 2011, p.51). This birth defect can cause many problems throughout a child’s development. Spina bifida can affect a person from the way they think to the way they walk. It is important to know how spina bifida affects development in order to better understand how to help those who have been diagnosed with the disorder. Spina bifida can be detrimental to a child’s cognitive abilities such as,…