Hyperglycemia

The short term complications can be; hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. If the blood sugar drops too low, hypoglycemia, it causes a person feel weak and faint and the blood glucose drops below 70. The person quickly needs to eat or drink something with sugar. Hyperglycemia is when blood glucose spikes, if it goes above 350, they need to contact the doctor or go to the ER. Some of the short term consequences are…

Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a disease that affects all kinds of people. Whether it is children or adults, young or old. The type of diabetes determines the risk factors, signs and symptoms or any kind of complications. Diabetes type one is classified as "juvenile-onset" or "insulin-dependent" diabetes. What this type of diabetes does is the immune system destroys cells that release insulin, eliminating the production of insulin in the body. Without insulin, cells can 't absorb the sugar in the…

One potentially life threatening complication is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). “DKA is a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis-producing derangements in intermediary metabolism. The most common causes are underlying infection, disruption of insulin treatment, and new onset of diabetes” (Hamdy, 2014). DKA is characterized by blood glucose of…

Type I diabetes What is type I diabetes? Type I diabetes is a medical condition characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta islets cells in the pancreas, resulting in impaired insulin production and hyperglycemia. Patients often present for the first time to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis – this potentially fatal condition is characterized by metabolic acidosis, ketoacids in the serum and urine, severe dehydration, cardiovascular instability, and respiratory distress.…

NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS ASSOCIATED WITH RHABDOMYOLISIS Introduction Diabetes insipidus (DI) presents with hypernatremia and consequent hyperosmolality in individuals with an impaired thirst mechanism or no free access to water. Hyperosmolality was found to be associated with rhabdomyolisis, a disease consist of elevated serum creatinine kinase (CPK) and myoglobinuria. Fluid resuscitation is the mainstay of the treatment to prevent life-threatening complications including acute…

Pathophysiology of Type I IDDM and Type II NIDDM Type I Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and Type II Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) are two separate pathophysiological features that separate them from one another. Type I Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) "results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas" (Kantárová, 2007, p. 1). Individuals that are genetically susceptible to IDDM produce autoantibodies that becomes…

nervous system and metabolic rate. Hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disorder, which is caused from a decrease in metabolic rate and causes edema. While caring for a patient with either of these two diseases, the nurse must assess vital signs, weight, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, metabolic rate and monitor serum thyroid hormone levels with coagulation lab values. Summary of Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism results when…

The job of the human body’s immune system is to fight against infection by detecting and destroying foreign bacteria and viruses, usually to much success. However, the immune system isn’t perfect, and can make mistakes. Sometimes, the immune system confuses a friendly part of the body for a pathogen, and begins attacking its own cells (Petrov, 2011). When these events occur, the body has contracted what is known as an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders have been rapidly growing problems…

Case Study A 14-year-old girl and her mother came into the emergency room with concerns of the child experiencing lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss, even though she has been eating. The mother also mentioned that the patient’s breath has been smelling “fruity”. After further examination, it was determined that she has a high heart rate and high blood pressure. Evaluation of her arteries determined that the high blood pressure is being caused by atherosclerosis. The…

pregnancy and more so in diabetic mothers. A blood glucose level below 60 can indicate hypoglycemia and cause weakness, headaches, blurred vision, faintness, and irritability in the mother. Blood glucose levels above 120 can indicate hyperglycemia. Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia include frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, dehydration, nausea, and vomiting. Sodium levels should also be monitored during pregnancy…