Mitochondrial DNA

Fossil evidence is when animal or plant remains which have been buried and covered for million years have been discovered and show a story about the past. DNA evidence is when the DNA is similar to other organisms showing that they shared a common ancestor. Homologous Structures are body parts that have the same basic structure and the same relationship to other body parts. Embryonic is when the embryos look similar…

Organelles of Animal Cells The Nucleus: ~A large, round organelle visible under the microscope. Functions- Regulation • Controls the cell’s activities • Controls cell reproduction Contains genetic material - DNA that makes up the genes and chromosome. The Ribosome: ~Made of dozens of different proteins as well as RNA, also found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. Ribosome are typically composed of two subunits: • Large subunit • Small subunit “ Free” Ribosome makes…

metabolizing enzyme. They eliminate alcohol at a slower rate. This variation may keep them away from becoming alcoholic. Based on the review PAPER 12: "DNA Damage and Repair in Vascular Disease" Annu. Rev. Physiol. (2016) 78:5.1-5.22, Respond succinctly and clearly the following three questions: 4. What do the Authors mean when stating "It is often unclear whether DNA damage directly contributes to the disease or is an innocent bystander that is generated by the same stimuli that result in…

the principle that nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are negatively charged. This means that if you put nucleic acids in an electric field, they will migrate away from the negative end of the field and toward the positive end. The nucleic acids are placed inside the gel for two main reasons. One, the gel is a way of holding them to know where they are. Two, the migration needs to occur in a manner that allows for the separation of different-sized pieces of DNA or RNA. The gel has many microscopic…

possible genotype-phenotype correlation for WS. Their secondary aim was to provide a possible predicative molecular genetic screening for WS families. The materials and methods consisted of a DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples. These were amplified using PCR in order to sequence the WFS1 gene on an automated DNA sequencer. They established an amplification refractory mutation system, having two complementary reactions using three primers in each and then conducted a comparative genomic…

development process of the embryo. Brownlee brings up an experiment done on an embryo the ended up in “the first baby conceived through cytoplasmic transfer”(1) and it “endowed the child with extra bits of a special type of genetic material, known as mitochondrial DNA”(1). Later on a child involved in this experiment was “diagnosed with “pervasive development disorder”, a catch all term for symptoms that range from mild delays in speech to autism”(2). Although the researchers involved in the…

Trying to curb intelligence of past and future generations by scientific modifications has been prevalent since the eugenics movement of the early 20th century. This movement seeked to create a “master race” by improving genetic traits of humans through sterilization and selective breeding. There were laws set in place which forced people that were deemed “feeble minded” to be sterilized. These laws are long gone now as a result of a ban on sterilization laws from the United Nations in 1948…

Chronological lifespan of S. cerevisiae mutants lacking telomere capping protein Cdc13 and Exo1 Lay summary For over 25 years, yeast has been used as a model to understand cellular processes such as how; DNA is repaired and produced, also for understanding different aspects of the cell lifecycle and principle molecular processes in eukaryotes (the same type of cells that make up humans, animals and plants). Because yeast can be easily grown until it dies in a relatively short time, it is an…

While there is a belief that humans have evolved from apes, religion has an explanation. Evolution is the theory that modern life has descended from a common ancestor, through the process of natural selection. Faith on the other hand, claims that life was created in the form it is today with some alterations from God. Since evolution was found it has been debated by all faiths. Evolution generates an explanation for the origin of life which is not necessary when there is religion, logic, and…

DNA in Forensic Science Every organism contains cells within which an organic polymer called Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found. This particular polymer is composed of the phosphate backbone part, deoxyribose sugar part and also the nitrogenous base part. According to Butler, (2010), the phosphate backbone and deoxyribose sugar components are constant in all persons and, therefore, biologists today utilize the nitrogenous base component since it helps in distinguishing different individuals.…