Philip IV of France

Constantinople and moved into the Balkans, buffered by internal wars that threatened the very foundation of its political life, Europe shuddered.”1 This negative view of the late Middle Ages also results from the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) that opposed France and England for over a century, popular uprisings that punctuated the 13th and 14th centuries, the economic contraction and the great Schism that divided the Catholic church. However, Europe in the late Middle Ages “shrugged and forged…

France in the mid 17th century was quite hectic. At the time, King Louis XIII was in power and basically running the country into the ground. To start, he was ruling with the help of his closest advisors and Cardinal Richelieu which, in effect, gave some of his power away. Along with that, Louis XIII was in continuous violent religious discords with the Huguenots (Biography.com Editors. "Louis XIII Biography"). When his son Louis XIV was finally born, the boy was not given much of a government…

by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something. Typically on a painting 38. Diego Velazquez Spanish painter, court painter to Philip IV 39. Sun King A nickname for Louis xiv that captures the magnificence of his court and of the Palace of Versailles, which he built. Louis himself adopted the sun as his emblem. A king of France in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries 40. Ecrasez l’infame Crush the infamous, Voltaire 41. Sonata form a type of composition in three…

Christine de Pisan was an important woman during the Middle Ages. She was a French scholar who was unlike other women. In that time, women had small roles in society and relied on their husbands or family members for everything they needed. However Christine was one of the few who made her own living and changed people 's opinions. She was the first feminist and supported equal education for everyone. Being born into nobility, she didn 't firsthand experience the troubles of lower class women,…

was ratified by the original five nations around 1451 near modern day Victor, New York. In 1933 Congress passed Concurrent Resolution 331, revealing that the American Constitution was influenced by the Iroquois Constitution. King Philip’s War King Philip 's War was an armed war between Native Americans and colonists.…

‘Crusade’ is a non-medieval Franco-Spanish hybrid that has been considered synonymous to the pursuit of a good cause. The Crusades were a series of on and off religious wars fought between the years from 1096 to 1487 under the authority of various Popes. The Crusades were basically fought for the recovery of the Holy Land. They were ordered by Pope Urban II in 1095, and within months the first Europeans had arrived in the Middle East to rid the Holy Land of Muslims. One story particularly…

Europe was having a prosperous time during the thirteenth century, quality harvests lead to a surplus of food that allowed Europe’s population to grow and expand. Nearing the end of the thirteenth century Europe began to have dangerous changes that would lead to some horrible outcomes. Firstly, a miniscule drop in overall temperature caused a “little ice age”, this led to shortened farming seasons and between 1315 and 1317, and caused heavy rains in northern Europe that destroyed harvests and…

Peninsula, which established Spain as a major power on the European continent. Ferdinand and Isabella strengthened the power of the monarchy by reducing the power of the nobility, paving the way for later kings who ruled Spain with absolute power, like Philip II. For the most part, Ferdinand and Isabella made decisions about policies together, and their motto was “Tanto monta, monta tanto,” which means “They are one and the same,” referring to their joint rule over…

Pablo Picasso was born October 25 1881, in Malaga, Spain; he died April 8 1973, at the age of 92 in Mougins, France. He was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. He is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. His father was Jose Ruiz Blasco, and his mother was Maria…

While Jews certainly did prosper in medieval western Christendom - in Spain, England, France and the Holy Roman Empire - it is arguable whether this occurred during times of true Christian persecution, for this phrase implies a coherent, general and importantly, state-backed, form of oppression, which did not exist until late in the period. Indeed, even though anti-semitism did exist, the two distinct phases of Jewish prosperity during the Middle Ages were marked rather with tolerance and…