Social loafing

a. Social Loafing- Is when certain individuals exert less effort when working in groups. Social Facilitation- Social Facilitation is when performance increases due to individuals working in the presence of others. b. Expectation states theory assumes that groups give members who have perceived competency in the task greater status than others. They use diffuse status characteristics and specific status characteristics to place individuals in certain positions within groups. Wilke (1996), found that individuals with positive specific and diffuse status characteristics were more likely to command more authority than those without those characteristics. If a member or members are perceived to have more status characteristics, then they will…

when people work in groups compared to when they work alone was known today as social loafing. This term was coined by Bibb Latane, Kipling Williams, and Stephen Harkins in 1981. Consistent with Ringelmann effect, they found out those groups of participants in the experiment made more noise than…

The focus of this study is to review the literature about the impact of social loafing on group cohesiveness and productivity. It is therefore imperative to briefly review the impact of social loafing on groups that in turn affects their job performance followed by review of literature on impact of social loafing on group cohesiveness and productivity. Social loafing has negative consequences that influence group and organization as a whole as well as the individual. One potential effect is the…

Working in groups gives off the notion that group members will have to do less work. However, we are usually given group work because the project is too much work for a single to person to do alone. Using this idea, each person should still be putting in the same amount of time and effort as if they were doing a project on their own. However, this is not always the case. This is where social loafing comes in. Social loafing is the idea that a person will exert less effort when working in a group…

With all groups that exist there are certain problems that arise and need to be taken care of. One of the more prominent problems is the fact that some team members willingly take the initiative to complete their portion of the project, while other team members assume a more lackadaisical approach. This type of behavior can be referred to social loafing. However it is imperative to understand that there are internal and external factors as to why a particular group member may seem apathetic…

daily basis. However, there are some issues that arise within our group that have a negative impact on behavior. Social loafing is an issue that I run into in my work environment. In his audio presentation, Dr. Fischer points out that a group should be nine people or…

I had acquired more network and contributed more than she did towards the project. Although this was a case of social loafing, I should have handled it better. According to Harkins & Petty (as cited by Geller), social loafing is a situation where individuals in a group exert minimal effort to attain their goals than when working individually (2000). In such cases, it is difficult to identity individual contributions, hence, it is likely that anyone would be praised for a good job done. I ran out…

completed a computer simulation task in which social loafing, collective orientation of the team, and team performance were measured. The dependent variable is social loafing and independent is collective orientation of a team. To test Hypothesis a regression was conducted with age included as a control variable due to its significant relationship with performance. The results indicated that social loafing negatively predicted team performance (β = -.35, F(2, 26) = 5.92, p<.05). It was…

Social loafing is a concept that has been discussed and researched since the year1913. However, in 1913 the phenomenon did not obtain the required attention. Maximilien Ringelmann, a French agricultural engineer, found that when a group of people collectively pulled on a rope, the output was comparitively less than when group members pulled on the rope individually (Kravitz and Martin, 1986; Ringelmann, 1913). The result of this finding was not considered until 1974 when Ingham, Levinger,…

observed that if the individual perceives the team goals to be less meaningful, he or she demonstrates a lower level of valence and the likeliness of them loafing increase (Dick, Tissington & Hertel, 2009). Another factor is culture, people from different cultural backgrounds tend to have different level of motivation when working in groups. In most cases, people who adopt the western cultures usually works individually and people who adopts the eastern or oriental cultures tend to work in…