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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ATP (adenine triphosphate) is... |
a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes |
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the energy carried by ATP is released when a phosphate group is... |
removed from the molecule |
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ATP has 3 phosphates, but... |
the bond holding the third phosphate group is unstable and easily broken |
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ADP (adenine diphosphate) is formed when.. |
the bond is broken, and energy from the ATP is released |
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ADP can be recharged. |
when the phosphate is added back to the molecule, it is ATP and it can be reused over and over again |
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in photosynthesis, what is combined with what to produce what? |
carbon dioxide and water are combined with solar energy to produce glucose and oxygen |
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in cellular respiration, what is combined with what to produce what 3 things..? |
sugar and oxygen are combined to produce carbons dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP molecules |
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS FORMULA |
6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY > C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION FORMULA |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + H2O + ENERGY |
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what’s the fluid that fills the chloroplast? |
stroma, which is rich in proteins & contains enzymes vital for cellular processes |
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thylakoids are..? |
the internal, membrane-bound compartment formed by thylakoids membranes |
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thylakoids are..? |
the internal, membrane-bound compartment formed by thylakoids membranes |
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the internal part of the thylakoids is called... |
lumen, and it contains molecules required for the transport of electrons |
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stacks of thylakoids are called... |
grana, and are connected to each other through inter grana thylakoids and stroma thylakoids |
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light dependent reactions require? |
sunlight |
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how do light dependent reactions work? |
energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of the electron carrier molecule NADPH and the energy currency molecule ATP |
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light independent reactions (Calvins cycle) do not require... |
sunlight |
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how do light independent reactions work? |
the energized electrons from the light-dependent reactions are used to provide the energy to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide molecules |
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glycolysis occurs in.. |
the cytoplasm of cells, outside of mitochondria |
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glycolysis occurs in.. |
the cytoplasm of cells, outside of mitochondria |
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what happens during glycolysis? |
glucose is split into 2 pyruvic acids, this also creates 4 ATP and 2 NADH electron carrier molecules |
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glycolysis occurs in.. |
the cytoplasm of cells, outside of mitochondria |
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what happens during glycolysis? |
glucose is split into 2 pyruvic acids, this also creates 4 ATP and 2 NADH electron carrier molecules |
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Kreb’s cycle occurs in the _____ of the mitochondria |
matrix |
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how does the Kreb’s cycle work? |
it produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules by combining the carbons from the pyruvic acids with oxygen molecules as well as 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 electron carrier molecules, and 2 ATP that the cell can use for energy |
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the electron transport chain occurs in the _________ of the mitochondria |
inner membrane, within the cristae |
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how does the electron transport chain work? |
the ETC uses 10 NADH electron carrier molecules (2 from glycolysis, 8 from the Krebs cycle), 2 FADH2 (from the Krebs cycle), plus the 6 oxygen atoms from the original glucose molecule, and most importantly, 34 ADP and P that are waiting to be combined by the ATP synthase (an enzyme that makes ATP). |
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how does the electron transport chain work? (part two) |
the electrons from the electron carrier molecules hop down the ETC and the H+ ions from the electron carrier molecules go across the inner membrane through active transport, they then charge back out through facilitated diffusion through the ATP synthase. |
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how does the electron transport chain work? (part two) |
the electrons from the electron carrier molecules hop down the ETC and the H+ ions from the electron carrier molecules go across the inner membrane through active transport, they then charge back out through facilitated diffusion through the ATP synthase. |
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what are the products of the electron transport chain? |
34 ATP |
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_______ will occur to produce energy if cellular respiration runs out of oxygen |
fermentation |