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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ABIOTIC
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an environmental factor not associated with the activities of living organisms
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ACCELERATION
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rate of change in velocity, usually expressed in meters per second; involves an increase or decrease in speed and/or change in direction
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AIR RESISTANCE
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force of air on moving objects
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ALLELE
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any of two or more alternate forms of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait
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AMPLITUDE
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in any periodic function (e.g., a wave) the maximum absolute variation of the function
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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
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a form of reproduction in which new individuals are formed without the involvement of gametes
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CALORIE
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unit of energy; the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree
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CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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the breakdown and alteration of rocks at or near Earth's surface as a result of chemical processes
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CIRCUIT
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an interconnection of electrical elements forming a complete path for the flow of current conduction the transmission of heat through a medium and without the motion of the medium
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
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a fundamental principle stating energy cannot be created nor destroyed but only changed from one form to another
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CONVECTION
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heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another
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CREST
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the peak or highest point on a wave
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CRUST
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outermost layer of Earth covering the mantle
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DEPENDENT VARIABLE
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factor being measured or observed in an experiment
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DEPOSITION
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the process by which sediment is carried by forces (e.g., wind, rain, or water currents) and left in a certain area
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DIFFRACTION
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the change in direction of a wave caused by passing by an obstacle or traveling through an opening
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DOMINANCE
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tendency of certain (dominant) alleles to mask the expression of their corresponding (recessive) alleles
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ECOSYSTEM
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an ecological community, together with its environment, functioning as a unit
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EFFICIENCY
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the relative effectiveness of a system or device determined by comparing input and output
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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
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gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves
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ELECTRON
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a stable elementary particle that is negatively charged and orbits the nucleus of an atom
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ENTROPY
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a measure of randomness or disorders of a closed system
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EROSION
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a combination of natural processes in which materials from Earth's surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another
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FOSSIL FUELS
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the remains of animal or plant life from past geologic ages that are now in a form suitable for use as a fuel (e.g., oil, coal, or natural gas)
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FREQUENCY
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the number of cycles or waves per unit time
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GENE
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a specific part of a chromosome or sequence of DNA that determines a particular feature or characteristic in an organism
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HETEROZYGOUS
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cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait
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HOMOZYGOUS
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cell or organism that has identical rather than different alleles for a particular trait
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INERTIA
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the property of an object, due its mass, by which it resists any change in its position unless overcome by force
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MAGNETIC FIELD
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the region where magnetic force exists around magnets or electric currents
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MASS
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the amount of matter an object contains
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MEIOSIS
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the process of nuclear division in cells during which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
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MITOSIS
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a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells during which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes
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NEAP TIDE
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a twice-monthly tide of minimal range that occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are at right angles to each other, thus decreasing the total tidal force exerted on Earth
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NEUTRAL
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a particle, object, or system that lacks a net charge
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NEUTRON
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a subatomic particle having zero charge, found in the nucleus of an atom
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NUCLEUS
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the center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located; also a cell structure that contains the cell's genetic material
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OCEAN BASIN
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a depression on the surface of Earth occupied by water
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PLATE TECTONICS
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theory of global dynamics in which Earth's crust is divided into a smaller number of large, rigid plates whose movements cause seismic activity along their borders
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
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energy stored in an object due to the object's configuration and position
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PRESSURE
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the force exerted per unit area
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PRISM
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a piece of glass with polished plane surfaces that disperses a beam of white light into its component colors
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PROTON
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a subatomic particle having a positive charge and which is found in the nucleus of an atom
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PUNNETT SQUARE
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a graphic checkerboard used to determine results from a particular genetic cross
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RADIATION
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emission of energy in the form of rays or waves
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RECESSIVE
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an allele for a trait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for this trait
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SCREW
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a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
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reproduction involving the union of gametes producing an offspring with traits from both parents
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SPECTROSCOPE
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an instrument that uses a prism to separate and catalog light wavelengths
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SPEED
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amount of distance traveled divided by time taken; the time-rate at which any physical process takes place
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SPRING TIDE
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the tide of increased range that occurs twice monthly at the new and full phases of the moon
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THERMAL ENERGY
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internal energy found by adding the kinetic energy of particles making up a substance
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TROPISM
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the motion of an organism or part of an organism toward or away from an external stimulus
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TROUGH
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the lowest point on a wave
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VARIABLE
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an event, condition, or factor that can be changed or controlled in order to study or test a hypothesis in a scientific experiment
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VELOCITY
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the time-rate at which a body changes its position; defined as displacement divided by the time of travel
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VIBRATION
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a repetitive movement around an equilibrium point
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VIRUS
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a noncellular, disease-causing particle that uses the genetic material from its host to reproduce
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WAVELENGTH
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the distance between crests of a wave
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WEDGE
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a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane to separate two objects
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WHEEL AND AXLE
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a type of simple machine that consists of a rod driven through the center of a cylinder that is allowed to rotate freely, yielding a mechanical advantage equal to the cylinder's diameter
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