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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are characteristics of a protein?
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Proteins can be re-used over and over again (enzymes), Highly specific (generally works with a particular molecule), breaks down and put together a molecule.
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What is a protein?
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A colorless, odorless, tasteless, and gaseous compound denoting chemicals containing carbon.
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Why is RNA important?
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A long single stranded chain used for transferring DNA information.
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What is DNA?
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A chemical primarily found in the nucleus that carries the instructions for making all the structures and materials the body needs to function.
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What is teh normal range for potassium?
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3.5-5 mEq/ L
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What are 3 types of passive transport?
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Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
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what is an actuve transport?
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pumping of molecules against a concentration gradient with the help of ATP.
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What is ATP? Adenosine triphosphate
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chemical bonds of stored energy that help speed up chemical reactions.
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Name 3 tyoes of active transport?
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cotransport, endocytosis, ionic pump
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endocytosis consists of what 3 types of transports?
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phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis
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Concentrations: what is isotonic
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Body fluids
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hypertonic
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more than body fluids. ex. cells shrink, .3 NaCl
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hypotonic
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less than body fluids, causes cell to explode, .45 NaCl
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what is a miliequivalent?
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It measures chemical activity or chemical combining with an ion.
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Swollem cells are called?
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hemolyses
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Shrunken cells are called?
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crenated
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Normal cells are called?
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osmotic equilibrium
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What are electrolytes?
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develop tiny electrical charges when they dissolve in water and break up into particles known as ions
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Ions develope a ..?
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positive or negative charge
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Cations have a __ charge?
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positive
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anions have a __ charge?
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negative
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Summarize sodium?
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most abundant electrolyte in the body. 134 - 142 mEq/L noram range. found in extracellular fluid. Regulates water balance, increases cell membrane permeability.
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What is HYPOnatremia?
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a less than normal concentration of sodium in the blood. Loss of sodium. Water is now retained in the body. Cells start to swell. Potassium imbalance is accompanied.
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what is HYPERnatremia
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greater than normal concentration of sodium in the blood. causes cellular dehydration and interuption in cellular process.
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Summarize potassium?
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normal range is 3.5- 5 mEq/L. Main function is to regulate water and electrolyte content.Promotes transmission of nerve impulses and skeletal muscle function.
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What is HYPOkalemia?
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(k+) a decrease in the body's potassium to a level below 3.5. Causes loss of renal excretion. Prolonged vomitting or GI suctioning may cause this.
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what is HYPERkalemia?
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increase in the body's potassium level above a 5 mEq/L. This is NOT common. Shock accompanies this damage.
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What can cause HYPERkalemia?
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Too much potassium. exessive salt intake, pottasium supplements, chemotherapy, potassiu diuretcs.
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Summarize chloride?
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(Cl-) 96-105 mEq/L. Chief anion.Necessary for the formation of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Regulation of acid base balance.
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What is HYPOchloremia?
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Occurs when sodium is lost. Sodium chloride paired. Causes are prolonged vomitting and prolonged NG tube.
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what is HYPERchloremia?
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When biocarbonate levels fall. No specific signs.
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