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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction |
Element |
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Each element is identify by_____? |
One-or two-letter symbol |
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The position of an element in the periodic table tells us much about it _________? |
Chemical Properties |
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The elements in the periodic table are divided into three groups- ______,________,and ________. |
Metals Nonmetals Mettaloids |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Are located on the left side of the periodic table |
Metals |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Usually exist as shiny solids |
Metals |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Are solids at room temperature, except for mercury (Hg), which is a liquid |
Metals |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Are located on the right side of the periodic table |
Nonmetals |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Usually do not have a shiny appearance |
Nonmetals |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
Nonmetals |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Can be solids,liquids, or gasses at room temperature |
Nonmetals |
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What nonmetals can be solids at room temperature? |
Sulfur Carbon |
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What nonmetals can be liquid at room temperature? |
Bromine |
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What nonmetals can be gasses at room temperature? |
Nitrogen Oxygen |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Are located on the solid line that starts at Boron (B) and angles down toward astatine (At) |
Metalloids |
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Identify it's Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Have properties intermediate between meals and nonmetals |
Mettaloids |
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What are the seven mettaloids? |
Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Astatine |
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What are the four elements that make up about 96% of the human body? |
Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen |
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What is used and stored in large quantities in the body ? |
Major Minerals |
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Give examples of major minerals. |
Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Sulfur |
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What are just as vital to our health as the major minerals, but we don't need large amounts? |
Trace Minerals |
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Give examples of trace minerals. |
Iron Zinc Boron Chromium Iodine Manganese |
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An element that can be found in hemoglobin, specifically the red blood cells |
Iron |
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An element that helps the proper functioning of enzymes |
Zinc |
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An element that functions in your thyroid |
Iodine |
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A pure substance formed by chemically combining two or more elements together |
Compound |
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A chemical formula consists of: |
Element Subscripts |
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To show the identity of the elements forming a compound |
Element |
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To show the ratio of atoms in the compound |
Subscripts |
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Give examples on how compounds can be drawn |
Ball-and-Stick Representation Space-Filling Representation |
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All matter is composed of the same basic building blocks called ______? |
Atoms |
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Atoms are composed of three _________? |
Sub-atomic Particles |
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-Location of protons and neutrons -dense core of the atom -location of most of the atoms mass |
Nucleus |
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-location of electrons -compromises most of the atom's volume |
Electron Cloud |
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Every atom of a given element has the same___________? |
Atomic Number |
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Every atom of a given element has the same ______________ in the nucleus. |
Number of protons |
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Different elements have _______ atomic number |
Different |
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A neutral atom has no net overall charge, so Z=number of protons= ? |
Number of electrons |
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Are atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons |
Isotopes |
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It is the weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of a particular element in atomic mass unit |
Atomic Weight |
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What is the atomic weight of chlorine? Cl-35 Cl-37 |
35.45 amu |
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What medicine can be use to treat thyroid malfunction? |
Iodine 131 |
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What is the row/horizontal in the periodic table is called_____? |
Period |
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What is the column in the periodic table is called______? |
Group |
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-Consist of the two columns on the far left and six columns on the far right of the periodic table - the groups are numbered 1A-BA |
Main Group Elements |
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-Contained in the 10 short columns in the middle -these groups are numbered 1B-8B |
Transition Metal Elements |
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-consist of the lanthanides and actinides - no group numbers are assigned |
Inner Transition Elements |
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Elements that compromises a particular group have similar? |
Chemical Properties |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases
Soft and shiny metals |
Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Low melting points |
Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Good conductors of heat and electricity |
Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases React with water to form basic solutions |
Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Exist as two atoms joined together |
Halogens |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Very reactive; combine with many other elements to form compounds |
Halogens |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Very stable |
Noble gases |
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Identify if it is Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Rarely combine with any other elements |
Noble gases |
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Electrons do not move freely in ______? |
Space |
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An electron is confined to a specific______, giving it a particular energy. |
Region |
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An electron is confined to a specific______, giving it a particular energy. |
Region |
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Electrons in lower numbered shells are ______ to nucleus and are _____ in energy. |
Closer and Lower |
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Electrons in higher numbered shells are ______ from the nucleus and are ____ in energy |
Further and higher |
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How is the shells being numbered? |
n= 1,2,3 etc. |
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Shells with larger numbers are further from the nucleus, have a larger ________, and can therefore hold more _______. |
Volume and electrons |
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Shells are divided into _______? |
Subshells |
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The subshells are identified by the letters_,_,_,and _? |
S,P,D and F |
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The subshells consist of the ? |
Orbitals |
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A region of space where the probability of finding an electron is high. |
Orbital |
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Each orbital can hold ___ electrons |
Two |
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The s orbital has a ______ shape |
Spherical |
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The p orbital has a _______ shape |
Dumbbell |
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What is the shape of the d orbital? |
Four leaf clover |
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The __________ describes how the electrons are arranged in an atom's orbital. |
Electron Configuration |
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The lowest energy arrangement in electron configuration is called the? |
Ground State |
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Rules in electron configuration |
1.Electrons are placed in the lowest energy orbital beginning with the 1s orbital. 2. Orbitals are then filled in order of increasing energy 3. Each orbitals hold maximum of 2 electrons When orbitals are equal in energy: 1 electron is added to each orbital until all of the orbitals are half filled Then the orbitals can be completely filled |
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An ________ ________ uses a box to represent each orbital and _____ to represent electrons |
Orbital diagram and arrows |
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The electron configuration can be shortened by: |
Using the name of the nearest noble gas from the previous rowAdding the en of all remaining electrons |
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The chemical properties of an element depend on the most _____ held electrons, which are found in the ______ ____. |
Loosely and valence shell |
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The _________ is the outermost shell (highest value) |
Valence shell |
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The electrons in the valence shell are called ____________ electron. |
Valence |
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Elements in the same group have similar ________________. |
Electron Configuration |
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Elements in the same group have the same number of _______________. |
Valence electrons |
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The groups, _-_, equals the number of valence electrons for the main group elements |
1A-8A |
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The chemical properties of a group are similar because these elements contain the same ____________ of valence electron |
Electron configuration |
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_______ representing valence electrons are placed on the four sides of an element |
Dots |
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Each dot represent ____valence electron |
One |
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For 1-4 valence electrons, _____dots are used |
Single |
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With 4 and above valence electrons, the dots are ______? |
Paired |
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The size of atoms ______ down a column, as the valence e- are farther from the nucleus |
Increases |
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The size of atoms ______ across a row, as the number of protons in the nucleus increases. |
Decreases |
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The increasing # of protons pulls the electron closer to the nucleus, making the atoms _______. |
Smaller |
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The _____________ is the energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom. |
Ionization energy |
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Ionization energies _____ down a column as the valence electrons get father away from the positively charged nucleus |
Decreases |
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Ionization energies _______ across a row as the number of protons in the nucleus increases |
Increase |
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What are examples of halogens that can liquid at room temperature? |
Bromine |
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What are examples of halogens that can solid at room temperature? |
Iodine |
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What are examples of halogens that can gases at room temperature? |
Flourine and Chlorine |
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Sodium (Na) |
Natrium |
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Potassium (K) |
Kalium |
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Iron (Fe) |
Ferrum |
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Copper (Cu) |
Cuprum |
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Silver (Ag) |
Argentum |
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Tin (Sn) |
Stannum |
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Antimony (Sb) |
Stibium |
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Tungsten (w) |
Wolfram) |
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Gold (Au) |
Aurum |
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Mercury (Hg) |
Hydrargyrum |
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Lead (Pb) |
Plumbum |
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The region occupied by electrons are called _________ energy levels or ____. |
Principal and shells |
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Two electrons in an orbital have ______ spins, that is ,the spins are opposite in direction, so up and down arrows are used. |
Paired |