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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the Troop Leading Procedures? |
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Reconnoiter 6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD 8. Supervise (FM 3-21.10 Para 2-5) |
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What are the Key Planning Concepts? |
Parallel plan Limit risk Approach - sequencing operations Nested Concepts Necessary Control Measures ISR Never violate the 1/3-2/3 rule Go to the end state first - reverse plan (FM 3-21.10 Para 2-6) |
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What are the two kinds of "approach" (Sequencing Operations)? |
1. Sequential Approach 2. Simultaneous Approach (FM 3-21.10 Para 2-9) |
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What are the three categories of operations? |
1. Decisive Operations 2. Shaping Operations 3. Sustaining Operations (FM 3-21.10 Para 2-12) |
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What are the elements of METT-TC? |
Mission Enemy Terrain & Weather Troops Time Civil Considerations (FM 3-21.10 Para 2-34) |
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What are the military aspects of terrain? |
Obstacles Avenues of Approach Key Terrain Observation and Fields of Fire Cover and Concealment (FM 3-21.10 Para 2-53, ATP 2-01.3 para 4-59) |
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What are the Foundations of Unified Land Operations? |
1. Initiative 2. Decisive Action 3. Army Core Competencies 4. Mission Command (ADRP 3-0 Para 2-3) |
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What are the Tenets of Unified Land Operations? |
Flexibility Integration Lethality Adaptability Depth Synchronization (ADRP 3-0 Para 2-3) |
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What are the Principles of Joint Operations? |
Objective Offensive Mass Maneuver Economy of Force Unity of Command Security Surprise Simplicity Restraint Perseverance Legitimacy OR MOROSE SLUMPS (ADRP 3-90 para 2-2) |
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What are the steps of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB)? |
1. Define the Operational Environment 2. Describe Effects on Operations (Environmental) 3. Evaluate the Threat/Adversary 4. Determine Threat/Adversary CoAs (ATP 2-01 para 1-10) |
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What are the elements of a Mission Statement? |
1. Who 2. What (Task) 3. When 4. Where 5. Why (Purpose) 6. Type of Operation (ADRP 1-02 ch 1; FM 3-21.10 ch 2) |
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What is a Decisive Point? |
A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success. (ADRP 1-02 ch 1) |
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What are the four primary Offensive Tasks? |
1. Movement to Contact 3. Exploitation 4. Pursuit (ADRP 3-90 para 3-16) |
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What are the three basic Defensive Tasks? |
1. Area Defense (ADRP 3-90 para 4-12) |
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What are the four Characteristics of the Offence? |
1. Audacity 2. Concentration 3. Surprise 4. Tempo (ADRP 3-90 para 3-3) |
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What are the seven Characteristics of the Defense? |
1. Disruption 2. Flexibility 3. Maneuver 4. Mass and Concentration 5. Operations in Depth 6. Preparation 7. Security (ADRP 3-90 para 4-3) |
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What are the three Levels of War? |
1. Strategic 2. Operational 3. Tactical (JP 3-0 ch1 6a) |
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What are the seven Fundamentals of Reconnaissance Operations? |
1. Ensure continuous reconnaissance 2. Do not keep reconnaissance assets in reserve 3. Orient on the reconnaissance objective 4. Report information rapidly and accurately 5. Retain freedom of maneuver 6. Gain and maintain enemy contact 7. Develop the situation rapidly (ADRP 3-90 para 5-3) |
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What are the five fundamentals of security? |
1. Provide early and accurate warning 2. Provide reaction time and maneuver space 3. Orient on the force or facility to be secured 4. Perform continuous reconnaissance 5. Maintain enemy contact (ADRP 3-90 para 5-15) |
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What is the four (or six) step Air Assault reverse Planning Sequence? |
1. Ground tactical plan 2. Landing plan 3. Air movement plan 4. Marshalling Plan 4.a. Loading plan 4.b. Staging plan (FM 3-99 para 3-10) |
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What are the seven Air Assault Planning Considerations? |
1. Planning Methodology 2. Predeployment Planning and Preparation 3. X-Hour/N-Hour Sequences for Deployment 4. Optimize Available Planning Time 5. Control Measures 6. Determine Go/No-Go Criteria 7. Airfield Opening (FM 3-99 para 3-15) |
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What are the eight Principles of Direct Fire Control? |
1. Mass the effects of fire 2. Destroy the greatest threat first 3. Avoid target overkill 4. Employ the best weapon for the target 5. Minimize friendly exposure 6. Prevent fratricide 7. Plan for extreme limited visibility conditions 8. Plan for diminished capabilities (FM 3-21.10 para 9-0) |
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What are the six Forms of Maneuver? |
1. Envelopment 2. Flank Attack 3. Frontal Attack 4. Infiltration 5. Penetration 6. Turning Movement (ADRP 3-90 para 3-40) |
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What are the five Fundamentals of Breaching? |
1. Suppress 2. Obscure 3. Secure 4. Reduce 5. Assault (FM 3-21.10 para 8-126) |
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What are the five Tenets of Breaching? |
1. Intelligence 2. Fundamentals 3. Organization 4. Mass 5. Synchronization (FM 3-21.10 para 8-124) |
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What are the eight Elements of Combat Power? |
1. Leadership 2. Information 3. Mission Command 4. Movement and Maneuver 5. Intelligence 6. Fires 7. Sustainment 8. Protection (ADRP 3-0 para 3-2) |
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What are the six Warfighting Functions? |
1. Mission Command 2. Movement and Maneuver 3. Intelligence 4. Fires 5. Sustainment 6. Protection (ADRP 3-0 para 3-6) |
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What is the seven step Ground Engagement Area Development process? |
1. Identify all likely enemy avenues of approach 2. Determine likely enemy schemes of maneuver 3. Determine where to kill the enemy 4. Emplace weapons systems 5. Plan and integrate obstacles 6. Plan and integrate indirect fires 7. Rehearse the execution of operations in the EA (FM 3-21.10 para 5-87) |
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What is the eight step Air Engagement Area Development Process? |
1. Intelligence preparation of the battlefield. 2. Select the ground for the attack. 3. Integrate the EA. 4. Plan the direct-fire fight. 5. Fire control. 6. Review the plan. 7. Rehearse the plan. 8. Execute the plan. (FM 3-04.126 para 3-307) |
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What are the five paragraphs in an Operations Order? |
1. Situation 2. Mission 3. Execution 4. Sustainment 5. Command and Signal (FM 6-0 para C-9) |
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What is a Commander's Critical Information Requirement (CCIR)? |
An information requirement identified by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. (ADRP 1-02 ch 1) |
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What are the seven Core Competencies of Army Aviation? |
1. Provide accurate and timely information collection on the enemy, terrain, local populations and friendly forces. 2. Provide reaction time and maneuver space. 3. Destroy, defeat, disrupt, divert, or delay enemy forces. 4. Air assault ground maneuver forces. 5. Air move personnel, equipment, and supplies. 6. Evacuate wounded or recover isolated personnel. 7. Enable mission command over extended ranges and complex terrain. |
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Ambush - An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy. |
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Disrupt - A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. |
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Interdict - A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy’s use of an area or route |
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Secure - A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. |
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Turn - A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another. |
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Attack by Fire – A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy. |
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Obstacle Effect, Block - an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to prevent the attacking force from passing through an engagement area. |
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Obstacle Effect, Turn - A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement area. |
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Obstacle Effect, Disrupt - An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy to break up his formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. |
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Obstacle Effect, Fix - An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow an attacker’s movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area. |
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Clear - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance within an assigned area. |
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Seize - A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using overwhelming force. |
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Block - A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach. |
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Delay - To slow the time of arrival of enemy forces or capabilities or alter the ability of the enemy or adversary to project forces or capabilities. |
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Neutralize - A tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. |
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Retain - A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly force remains free of enemy occupation or use. |
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Support by Fire - A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force. |
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Breach - A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or establish a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification. |
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Destroy - A tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted. |
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Fix - A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period. |
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Suppress - A tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the mission. |
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Operational Symbol - S |
Screen - A security task that primarily provides early warning to the protected force. |
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Operational Symbol - G |
Guard - A security task to protect the main force by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. Units conducting a guard mission cannot operate independently because they rely upon fires and functional and multifunctional support assets of the main body. |
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Infiltrate - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires. |
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Envelopment - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their current positions. |
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Defeat |
A tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force’s commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander’s will, and can no longer interfere to a significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat of its use. |
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Disrupt - A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. |
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Air Movement(s) - Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air landings. Operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air assaults. |
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Movement to Contact |
An offensive task designed to develop the situation and establish or regain contact. |
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M4 Semi-automatic carbine Round: 5.56mm MR: 3600m MER (area): 600m MER (point): 500m Crew: 1 (Rifleman) |
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M2 Browning is a belt-fed, recoil operated, air-cooled, crew-served machine gun Round: .50 cal MR: 6767m (7400yds) MER (area): 1829m (2000yds) Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant) |
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M1A2 Abrams Heavy Battle Tank Round: 7.62 (2) / .50 cal / 120mm MR: 3725m / 6700m / ? MER (area): 900m / ? / 3000m Crew: 4 (Driver, Gunner, Commander, Loader) |
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M224 Light Mortar Round: 60mm Min Range: 70m Max Range: 3490m Crew: 3 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner, Ammunition Handler) |
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M120 Heavy Mortar Round: 120mm Min Range: 200m Max Range: 7200m Crew: 3 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner, Commander) |
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M252 Heavy Mortar Round: 81mm Min Range: 83m Max Range: 5608m Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner) |
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AH-64 Attack Helicopter Round: 30mm / MK66 / Hellfire Min Range: 500m Max Range: 3km / 8km / 8km Crew: 2 (Pilots) |
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M203 Grenade Launcher Round: 40mm Max Range: 400m MER (Area): 350m MER (Point): 150m Min Safe Range: 31m (165m tng) Crew: 1 (Grenadier) |
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MK19 Automatic Grenade Launcher Round: 40mm MER (Area): 2212m MER (Point): 1500m Min Safe Range: 31m (165m tng) Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner) |
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M249 Squad Automatic Weapon Round: 5.56mm Max Range: 3600m MER (Area): 1000m Crew: 1 (Machine Gunner) |
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M240H Medium Machine Gun Round: 7.62mm Max Range: 3725m MER (Area): 1800m MER (Point): 800m Crew: 1 (Machine Gunner) |
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M98 Javelin Antitank Missile Round: 127mm Shaped Charge (IR) Effective Range: Top: 150-2500m Direct: 65-2500m Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner) |
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Avenger Air Defense System Round: .50 cal / 8 x Stinger Missile Max Range: 6500m / ? MER: 1850m / 8000m Crew: 2 (Gunner, Driver) |
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(Blue) |
Friendly - Known Location |
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(Blue) |
Friendly - Planned Location |
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(Red) |
Hostile - Known Location |
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(Red) |
Hostile - Suspected Location |
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(Green) |
Neutral - Known Location |
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(Yellow) |
Unknown/Pending - Known Location |
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Brigade |
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Battalion |
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Company |
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Platoon |
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Section |
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Squad |
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Team |
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Task Force |
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Infantry |
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Rotary Wing Aviation |
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Air Assault |
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Airborne |
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Air Defense Artillery |
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Armored |
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Mortar |
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Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) Air Assault Infantry Company |
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Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) Airborne Infantry Company |
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Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) Weapons Company |
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Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) Mortar Section - incorrectly shows platoon |
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Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) Infantry Battalion |
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Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) |
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Attack Recon Battalion (ARB) |
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Attack Recon Company (ARC) |
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Attack Recon Squadron (ARS) |
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Attack Recon Troop (ART) |
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Assault Helicopter Battalion (AHB) |
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Assault Helicopter Company (AHC) |
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General Support Aviation Battalion (GSAB) |
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Command Aviation Company (CAC) |
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Heavy Lift Company |
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MEDEVAC Company |
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Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) Armored Company |
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Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) Armored Platoon |
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Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) Infantry Battalion |
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Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) Infantry Company |
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Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) Infantry Platoon |
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Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) Scout Platoon |
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Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) Scout Platoon |
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Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) Scout Platoon |
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Special Forces |
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What are Traditional Threats to Aviation? |
1. Unguided projectiles 2. Antiaircraftartillery (AAA) 3. Man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) 4. Surface to air missiles (SAMs) 5. Electronic warfare capabilities 6. Armed aircraft (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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What are Non-Traditional Threats to Aviation? |
1. Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) 2. Cyber capabilities 3. Anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) 4. Passive Detection 5. Directed Energy Weapons (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Describe Unguided Projectile Weapons |
Weapon systems which follow an unguided ballistic trajectory to includesmall arms, rocket-propelled grenades, rockets, indirect fires and medium and heavy machine guns (12.7to 14.5 millimeters) that can engage aviation systems at varying altitudes or against fixed Army Aviationlocations like FARPs, airfields and TAAs (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Provide Examples of Current Unguided Projectile Threats |
Type Name Round Max Eff Range Small Arms: AK-47 7.62mm 300m RPG: RPG-7V 40mm 500m Rocket: BM-21 122mm 1.5-20.4km Indirect: D-30 Howitzer 122mm 1-15.3km Machine Guns: DShK 12.7mm 1-2km (WEG 2011, Vol 1) |
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Describe Anti-Aircraft Artillery |
Weapon systems with the capability to fire exploding rounds of 20mm or greater which use visual,electro-optical (EO), infrared (IR), or radar for acquisition and ballistic solutions that can engage aviationsystems up to high altitudes. AAA platforms include: dedicated wheeled and tracked AAA systems,stationary gun emplacements, non-standard (technical) vehicles, and maritime platforms. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Provide Examples of Current Anti-Aircraft Artillery Threats |
Type Name Round Max Eff Range Wheeled: S-60 57mm 4-6km Tracked: ZSU-23-4 4x23mm 2.5km+ Stationary: Pantsir 30mm/57E6 4km/18km Technical: Many vehicles may be used to tow Maritime: Many guns can be attached to vessels (WEG 2011, Vol 2) |
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Describe Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) |
MANPADS are shoulder-fired, point-defense guided missile systems using the infrared orultra-violet spectrum with active infrared, ultra-violet, laser, or optical guidance that can engage aviationsystems. MANPADS can be employed dismounted, or mounted on ground vehicles, manned and UA,or maritime platforms and are generally limited to the operator’s ability to visually acquire and trackaircraft prior to initiating launch. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Provide Examples of current MANPADS Threats |
Russian: SA-18 IGLA, 9M39, 0.5-6km+, 80% Ph British: Starstreak, 0.3-7km, >95% Ph French: Mistral 2, 0.6-6km, 80% Ph (WEG 2011, Vol 2) |
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Describe Surface to Air Missile Systems (SAM) |
SAMs are short to long-range air defense systems using radar frequency (RF) and/or EO/IRacquisition and/or guidance. SAMs are capable of engaging all types of aviation systems up to highaltitudes. SAMs are typically mounted on dedicated platforms, including stationary sites, wheeled or tracked vehicles, or maritime platforms. SAMs have the potential for employment as a component of anintegrated air defense system with supporting early warning and acquisition radars providing cueing;however, a number of systems are fielded that can operate autonomously with on board acquisition andtargeting/guidance capabilities. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Provide Examples of current SAM threats |
Type Name Round Max Eff Range Stationary: SA-2 Guideline Volga-2A 6-60Km Wheeled: SA-9 Gaskin 9M31 0.8-4.2Km Tracked: SA-15 Gauntlet 9M331 1-12Km Maritime: SA-7b Grail 9M32M 0.5-5Km (WEG 2011, Vol 2) |
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Describe Antiradiation Munitions (ARM) |
ARMs are active homing projectiles designed to detect and homeon a radio emission source. Although initially intended for active engagement of emitting radar systems,ARMs may be programmed and used to attack emitters employed on Army Aviation aircraft. ARMsmay be employed from threat rotary-wing and FW aircraft, as well as ground and maritime surfaceplatforms to engage aviation systems up to high altitudes. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Provide an Example of Antiradiation Munitions (ARM) |
UAV: Harpy Missile: 5V55PM (WEG 2011, Vol 2) |
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Describe Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) |
IEDs are typically devices made from readily available materialswhich are low cost and are typically relatively simple to employ. Using non-standard methods ofemploying explosive devices (such as artillery rounds, home-made explosives, mines) with improvisedtriggering (such as IR, command wire, RF, pressure plate), IEDs can be employed to deny terrain,interdict ground and air routes, create mass casualties in dense population areas, or deny the use of orambush friendly forces at point locations (such as LZs, buildings, observation positions). IEDs canengage aviation systems when operating at low altitudes. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Describe Antitank Guided Missiles (ATGM). Provide an example. |
ATGMs are designed to defeat armored vehicles; however, they can also be employed againstlow, slow flying rotary-wing aircraft. ATGMs typically rely on visual or electro-optical acquisition ofthe target and are terminally guided by command wire, laser designation, passive EO/IR guidance, oractive RF guidance. (FM3-04 para 1-53) Example: Russian Kornet, AT-14, Laser beam rider, 0.1-5.5Km (WEG 2011, Vol 1 6-31) |
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Describe Anti-helicopter Mines. Provide an example. |
Anti-helicopter mines are designed with specific triggering and terminal effectsto engage slow flying or hovering helicopters with the same intended purpose as IEDs. (FM3-04 para 1-53) Example: Austrian HELKIR, Acoustic/IR, 150m, up to 250km/h (WEG 2011, Vol 2, 6-25) |
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Describe Passive Detection Systems |
These systems include image intensifiers/night vision goggles, IR systems, low-lightcameras, and acoustic or seismic detectors. These systems provide a detection capability based onuncontrollable emissions and reflections of aircraft and some are readily available at low cost ascommercial off the shelf systems or as developed and fielded by peer and near peer adversaries. The useof these capabilities significantly increases the potential for aircraft detection and the effectiveness ofvisual acquisition systems (such as MANPADS, small arms, heavy machine guns) during low lightoperations. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Describe meaconing, interference, jamming, and intrusion (MIJI). Provide an Example |
Hybrid threats continue to seek low-costcommercial capabilities to disrupt/degrade communications, navigation, and precision munitionsemployment. In addition to commercial off-the-shelf adaptation, peer and near-peer threats possessspecific capabilities dedicated to jamming and interference. (FM3-04 para 1-53) Example: UAV mounted GPS Jammer (Defensive Force) (WEG 2011, Vol 2, 6-27) |
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Describe Threat Aviation and Provide an Example |
Hybrid threat aviation capabilities may include military and civilian rotary-wing andFW aircraft and military or commercial off-the-shelf UAS. In addition to air-to-air capabilities, FW androtary-wing threat systems may be employed to attack aviation assembly areas (AAs), LZ/PZs, andFARPs with aerial delivered ground fires to disrupt aviation maneuver and mission command across theAO. UAS pose additional unique threats to include reconnaissance and surveillance of Army Aviationground and air operations, employment as improvised explosive devices against stationary and slowmoving aircraft or ground operations, and hazards to flight in congested areas like airfields and high useair corridors. (FM3-04 para 1-53) Example: MiG-23 FLOGGER, Mach 1.2, 1500Km range, AA/AS missiles (WEG 2011, Vol 2, 3-23) |
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Describe Cyber Threats |
Hybrid threats seek to disrupt mission command nodes and capabilities throughoffensive cyber-attacks against unprotected or poorly protected networks and systems. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |
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Describe Directed Energy Threats |
Directed energy threats include laser designators, laser range finders, and missileguidance in beam riding munitions. Directed energy weapons, to include anti-personnel, anti-sensor, andanti-material, use the transmitted energy to disrupt, deny, or destroy an aircraft or aircrew member. Thescope of directed energy weapons ranges from commercial off-the-shelf handheld laser pointers to highpower/frequency acoustic and RF transmitters. The employment of anti-sensor and anti-material systemswill normally be for point defense of crucial equipment or facilities with employment from vehicles orfixed positions. (FM3-04 para 1-53) |