Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Streptococcus pyogenes |
found in U.R.T (in healthy individuals) causative agent of strep-throat if carrying strain with lysogenic bacteriophage that encodes exotoxins: responsible for toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever,rheumatic fever can cause systemic infections (cellulitis, necrotizing faciitis) |
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
causative agent of pneumonia encapsulated strains are pathogenic! (polysaccharide capsule) nonsporulating, aerotolerant gram positive cocci |
|
Diphtheria |
usually infects children forms irregular rods during growth spreads by airborne droplets pathogenic strains lysogenized by bacteriophage B (beta): produce powerful exotoxin tissue death, pseudomembrane appearance in throat of patient treated with: antibiotics and diphtheria antitoxin |
|
Pertussis (whooping cough) |
Bordetella pertussis acute, highly infectious respiratory disease vaccine available after birth antibiotics+elimination by immune system |
|
Tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted by airborne droplets cell mediated immunity-critical in preventing active disease after infection primary infection (initial)-hypersensitizes post primary infection(reinfection)-chronic tuberculosis, spread of lesions in lungs Intracellular colonizer antibiotics and isoniazid (affects mycolic acid) |
|
Hansen's Disease (leprosy) |
mycobacterium leprae acid fact, waxy mycolic acid content low in incidence delayed hypersensitivity +invasiveness of organism transmission by direct contact +respiratory routes |
|
meningitis |
inflammation of meninges (membranes that line CNS-spinal cord + brain) can be fungal, viral, bacterial, or protist infection fungal: eukaryotic: need different meds |
|
Neisseria meningitis |
bacterial meningitis gram negative, nonsporulating, obligately aerobic, encapsulated diplococcus treated by penicillin (incidence has decreased) |
|
Measles |
Rubeola caused by paramyxovirus (- strand RNA virus) by airborne transmission 7 day MMR Vaccine |
|
Rubella |
german measles caused by togavirus (+ strand RNA virus ) milder, less contagious than measles MMR vaccine |
|
Mumps |
paramyxovirus (- strand RNA virus) highly infectious, airborne droplets inflammation of salivary glands MMR vaccine |
|
Chicken pox |
Varicella-zoster virus (herpes virus) systemic papular rash highly contagious establishes life long latent infection in nerve cells can migrate to skin (shingles) |
|
Colds |
viral infection rhinitis, nasal obstruction, water nasal discharges, and malaise (RARELY FEVER) commonly caused by rhinovirus (+ sense ssRNA) many diff strains: vaccine not perfect |
|
Influenza |
A(most important pathogen for humans),B,C RNA virus of orthomyxovirus targets L.R.T fever common ssRNA virus (segmented:8) |
|
Staphylococcus |
nonsporulating, gram + coccus forms irregular clumps result from pyogenic infection or actions of staphyloccocal super-antigen exotoxin |
|
Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors: |
1.leukocidin 2.hemolysin 3.coagulase |
|
Helicobacter pylori |
gram -, highly motile spiral shaped bacterium gastritis, ulcers, gastric cancers colonizes the nonacid secreting mucose of stomach and upper intestinal tract person-to-person or eating contaminated food (lipopolysaccharide)-gastric cancer |
|
Hepatitis A |
infectious hepatitis causes mild, or (rarely) severe cases of liver disease fecal-oral transmission/blood borne vaccine available (only for at risk adults) |
|
Hepatitis B |
serum hepatitis causes acute, often severe disease that can lead to liver failure and death sexual transmission/ blood borne Hep B+Hep D= helper virus (Hep. B and Hep C are two that can lead to liver cancer) |
|
Hepatitis D |
defective virus cant replicate and express a complete virus unless the cell is also affected with Hep. B Hep. B+ Hep.D=helper virus;more virulent, can lead to liver cancers and liver failure |
|
Hepatitis C |
produces mild disease initially, but eventually chronic hepatitis, leads to chronic liver disease blood borne transmission (Hep. B and Hep C are two that can lead to liver cancer) |
|
Hepatitis E |
causes acute, self limiting hepatitis that varies fecal-oral transmission |
|
STI (sexually transmitted infection) |
pathogens generally in genito-urinal tract exchanged during sex variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists |
|
Gonorrhea |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae preventable, treatable STI in females: mild symptoms in males: painful infection of urethral canal incidence higher than syphillis |
|
Syphillis |
Treponema pallidum preventable+treatable bacterial STI can be transmitted from woman to fetus during pregnancy (congenital syphillis) low prevalence, obvious symptoms primary+secondary stage: penicillin (acute ) tertiary stage |
|
Chlamydia trachomatis |
causes STDs obligate intracellular parasite |
|
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 |
infects epithelial cells around mouth and lips causes cold sores direct contact/saliva lesions heal alone rare-can affect nervous system +lead to encephalitis (inflammation of brain) |
|
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 |
infections associated with anogenital region painful blisters: make transmission easy INCURABLE, drugs control infectious blister stage through sexual contact |
|
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) |
causes different infections; some have genital warts, many asymptomatic few progress to cervical cancer vaccine available |
|
AIDS |
caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency) retrovirus RNA (mutates a lot) frequent for AIDS patients: kaposis sarcoma incidence highest in 1995 |
|
HIV 1 |
retrovirus that replicates first in macrophages and T cells) more virulent type opportunistic infections common for patients envelope virus |
|
HIV 2 |
less virulent, causes milder, AIDS like disease takes longer to progress to damage opportunistic infections common for patients envelope virus |
|
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors HIV treatment |
AZT (azidothymidine) lacks correct attachment site (active site) |
|
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors HIV treatment |
alters conformation of the catalytic site viral specific Nevirapine |
|
protease inhibitors HIV treatment |
cuts proteins inhibits viral protease( prosessing of retroviral polypeptides) saquinavir |
|
fusion inhibitors HIV treatment |
blocks gp41 spike protein virus never enters enfuvirtide |
|
integrease inhibitors HIV treatment |
target HIV integrase interrupts HIV replication cycle elvitegravir and raltegravir |