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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scientific method is |
A method of research with steps to include experiments and careful observations |
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The name of science came from |
The latin scientia meaning knowledge of the natural world |
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Basic science or pure science |
Seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short term applications of that knowledge |
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Variable |
Any part of the experiment that can vary or change during the experiment |
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Evolution is |
A process of gradual change in population that can lead to new species arising from older species |
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Peer review articles are |
Scientific reports that is reviewed by a scientist colleagues before application |
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Phylogenetic tree is |
A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biologists species based on similarities and differences in generic and physical traits or both |
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Scientific theory is |
Generally accepted thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for a set of observations |
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Scientific laws are |
Often expressed in mathematical formulas which will describe how elements of nature will behave under certain conditions |
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Physical science is |
A study of nonliving matters including astronomy, physics, and chemistry |
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Life science is |
A study od living things including biology |
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Applied science or technology is |
Aimed to use science to solve real world problems making it possible |
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Hypothesis is |
A suggested explanation for an event which can be tested |
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Hypothesis based science is |
a form of logical thinking that uses related observation to arrive at a general conclusion |
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Hypothese are |
Generally produced within the context of a scientific theory |
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Desriptive science is |
When biologists make observations and records them the data can be quantitative consisting of numbers, raw data, drawings, pictures or video |
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Inductive reasoning is |
A form of logical thinking uses related to observations and conclusion based on evidence |
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Deductive reasoning is |
A form of logical thinking that uses general principles or law to forecast specific results (climate weather change) |
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Falsifiable meaning is |
that it can be disproven by experimental results |
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Unfalsifiable meaning is |
Theres no experiment that might show this statement false |
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Biology is |
A study of living organisms and there interactions with one another and there environment |
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Biosphere is |
A collection of all ecosystems on earth |
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Escherichia coli is |
An bacterium thats a resident of our digestive track and sometimes responsible for disease out break |
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Ecosystems are |
All living things in a particular area together with the abiotic and nonliving parts of the environment |
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Eukaryotes are |
An organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane bound organelle |
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Organelle is |
A membrane bound compartment or sac within a cell |
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Organisms is |
An individual living entity |
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Organ is |
A structure form of tissues together to perform a common function |
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Organ system is |
The higher level of organizations that consist of fuctional related organs |
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A cell is |
The smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living cells |
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Molecules is |
A chemical structure consisting of atleast two atoms held together by a chemical bond |
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Macromolecules is |
a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules |
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Atom is |
A Basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions |
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Tissueis |
A group of simular cells carrying out the same function |
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Prokaryotes is |
An unicellular organism lacks a nucleus or any of the membrane bound organelle |
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Stromatolites are earths oldest life form theyre green blue algea they're |
Structured along the shore line in shallow water formed by layers of cyanobacteria, cyanobacteria can only be seen by an microscope |
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The hierarchy of biological organizations from most complex to the least complex are |
Organ, organism, tissues, organelle and molecule |
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Elements are substances that cannot be |
Broken down or transformed chemically into other substances |
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A total of 118 elements have been defined, 92 occur naturally, 30 are found in living cells and 26 remaining elements are |
Unstable do not exist very long |
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Elements are made of atoms each with a |
Constant number of protons and unique properties |
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An atom is the smallest component of an element that |
Retains all the chemical properties of that element |
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All organisms are made of a |
Combination of elements |
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In multicellular organisms such as animals molecules can |
Interact to form cells that combines to form tissue which makes up organs |
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All atoms contains |
Protons, neutrons and electrons |
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The neutrons like protons reside in the nucleus of an atom the neutrons has |
No charge protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge each balances each other |
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Isotopes are different forms of the same elements that |
Have the same number of protons but have a different number of neutrons |
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The periodic table of elements is a |
Chart of elements that includes number relative atomic mass of each elements |
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Carbon, potassium, and uranium have |
Naturally occurring isotopes |
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Carbon 12 is the most common isotope it contains |
6 Protons and 6 neutrons |
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Cardon 14 contains |
6 Protons and 8 neutrons |
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Some isotopes are Unstable and will lose protons or other subatomic particles or energy to form |
A more stable elements which is called radioactive isotope |
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14C is reated as a living organisms in the body and is equal |
To the concentration in the atmosphere |
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After 5,730 years 14C will deline and it will decay to Nitrogen 14 this process is |
Called beta decay which gives of energy in this slow process |
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The time it takes for the original concentration of isotope to |
Decay to its stable form is called its half life |
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14C half life is long its used to |
Age living objects such as fossils |
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Fossils can be calculated to about 50,000 years isotopes with half lives and potassium 40 are |
Used to calculate the age of older fossils |
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Through use of carbon dating scientists can |
Reconstruct the ecology and biogeography of organisms living |
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Covalent bonds form between the elements that make up the |
Biological molecules in our cells unlike ionic bonds covalent bonds do not dissociate in water |
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Covalent bonds is a strong chemical bond between two or more |
Atoms these bonds form when electrons is shared between two elements |
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Hydrogen and oxygen atoms that combine to form water molecules are |
Bound together by covalent bond |
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Hydrogen and helium are the only two elements that have the lowest shell |
Electrons hydrogen has one electrons helium has two elements |
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Chemical bond is when atoms of two or more of the same or different elements in a formation of molecules for |
Stability and completely fill their outer shell with electrons by sharing them |
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An ion is |
When an atom doesnt contain equal numbers of protons and electrons |
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Cations is when |
Positive ions are formed by losing electrons negative ions are formed by gaining electrons |
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An electron tranfer is when |
Atoms donates its one electron to empty it shell another atom will accept the electron to complete their shell |
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Van der waals interactions are |
Weak attractions or interactions between molecules |
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Van der waals are caused by |
Temporary partial charges form when electrons move around nucleus |
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When a substance readily forms hydrogen bonds with water it can |
Dissolve in water and is referred as hydrophilic hydrogen bond |
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Hydrogen bond in water allows it to |
Absorb and release heat energy more slowly than other substances |
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As energy heat continues balance between hydrogen bonds swings toward destruction side more bonds are |
Broken down than are formed this process is called evaporation |
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Evaporation of sweat (which is 90% water) allows for cooling of an organism and |
Takes heat away from the body |
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As molecules motion decreases and temperature drop less energy is present to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules the bonds remain |
Intact and begin to form rigid lattace like substances |
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The molecules are |
Further appart which makes it less dense than freely flowing molecules |
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Solvent is when |
A substance are capable of dissolving another substances |
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Incohesive water molecules are attracted to eachother (cause of hydrogen bonding) keeping |
The molecules together at a liquid air interface although there is no more room (water top of a glass) |
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Cohesive and surface tension keeps |
The water molecules intact and items floating on the top (ice in a glass) |
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Adhesive or attractions between |
Water molecules and other molecules(water climbs up a straw in a glass) |
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Litmus paper is used |
As a PH indicator to test how much acid exists in a solution |
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More hydrogen ions present the |
Lower the PH the fewer hydrogen ions the higher PH |
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PH scale ranges from 0-14 pure water is neutral has a PH of 7.0 anything from |
0.0 to 6.9 is acidic and anything from 7.1 to 14.0 is alkaline |
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Cells range from 7.2 to 7.6 if PH is outside range |
The bodies respiratory system malfunction, cells nolonger function properly and protien will break down outside PH range can induce coma or even cause death |
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Buffers absorb excess H+ or OH- keeping the PH maintained carbon dioxide is |
Part if the buffer system and keeps it maintained |
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Large molecules are necessary for life they are |
Built from smaller organic molecules are called biological |
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Carbonhydrates provide |
Energy to the body through glucose |
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Carbonhydrates formula CH20, the radio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is |
1:2:1 in carbonhydrates molecule |
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Carbonhydrates are classified in three subtypes |
Monoasccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharide |
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Monoasccharides are glucose sugars the number of carbon atoms range from |
3-6 and are formed in a ring chain structure |
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Monoasccharides molecules are |
Triose- 3 carbon atoms pentoses- 5 carbon atoms Hexose- 6 carbon atoms |
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Chemical formula for glucose is |
C6 H12 O6 glucose is important source of energy |
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Galactose (part of lactose or mulk sugars) and fructose (found in friut) have |
The same chemical formula but they different structurly |
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Disaccharides form when Monoasccharides under go a dehydration reaction, the reaction in which the removal of water molecules occurs |
During the process of the hydroxyl group-OH |
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One Monoasccharides combine with a hydrogen atom of another Monoasccharides releasing |
A molecules of water H2O and forming covalent bond between atoms and two sugar molecules |
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Common disaccharides include |
Lactose, maltose and sucrose |
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A long chain of Monoasccharides linked by |
Covalent bonds is known as polysaccharide |
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A large molecules of starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, are |
All forms of polysaccharide |
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Starch is the stored form of |
Sugars in plants both polymers and glucose |
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The starch is consumed by animals they're broken down into |
Smaller molecules as glucose and then the cells can then absorb the glucose |
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Glycogen is the |
Storage form of glucose in humans and us made od monomers and glucose |
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Glycogen is highly branched molecule stored in the |
Liver and muscle cells wheb glucose levels decrease glycogen is broken diwb to release glucose |
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Cellulose is the |
Cells abd walls of plants which provides structural support to the cells (woid and paper are mostly cellulose) |
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Narure cellulose is made up of glucose, monomers that are linked by |
Bonds between particular carbon atoms in glucose molecules |