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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Polysaccharides |
long polymers that contain many glucose subunits. –Starch –Glycogen –Cellulose –Chitincan |
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Starch |
is the storage form of glucose in plants |
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Glycogen |
is the storage form of glucose in animals. |
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Cellulose |
can be found in the cell walls of plants |
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Chitin |
can be found in the exoskeleton of some crustacean. (thread for some sutures) |
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Organic Molecules always contain...
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Carbon(C) and Hydrogen (H)
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Macromolecules
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contain many molecules joined together
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Monomers |
Simple organic molecules that exist individually.
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Polymers
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Large organic molecules formed by combining monomers
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Isomers |
Compounds with the same chemical formula but different three dimensional structures
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FunctionalGroups |
Particular cluster of atoms that always behaves in a certain way Gives molecules distinctive properties |
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The functional groups are... |
1. Hydroxyl (OH) 2. Carboxyl (COOH)/ acidic group 3. Amino (NH2) |
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–DehydrationReaction |
an -OH and -H are removed as a water molecule |
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–Hydrolysis Reaction |
the components of water are added |
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The Simple Carbohydrates are... |
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides |
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Monosaccharides |
Sugars with 3 - 7 carbon atoms |
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The Monosaccharides are... |
glucose, fructose, galactose |
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Pentose |
A 5-carbon sugar |
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Hexose |
A 6-carbon sugar |
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Disaccharides |
contain two monosaccharides |
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The Disaccharides are... |
maltose, sucrose, lactose |
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Polysaccharides |
are long polymers that contain many glucose subunits. |
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The Polysaccharides are... |
–Starch –Glycogen –Cellulose –Chitin |
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Glycogen |
The storage form of glucose in animals |
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Starch |
The storage form of glucose in plants |
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Cellulose |
can be found in the cell walls of plants |
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Chitin |
Can be found in the exoskeleton of some crustacean. (thread for some sutures) |
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Lipids |
They are diverse in structure and function. They do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic) |
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The Lipids are... |
–Fats and oils –Phospholipids –Steroids |
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Fats |
–Usually of animal origin –Solid at room temperature |
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Oils |
–Usually of plant origin –Liquid at room temperature |
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Triglycerides |
–One glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules |
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A fatty acid |
A hydrocarbon chain that ends with the acidic group —COOH |
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Saturated fatty acids |
have no double covalent bonds between carbon atoms. |
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Unsaturated fatty acids |
have 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms. |
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Hydrogenation |
-turns good fats into bad fats -(unsaturated into saturated) |
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Emulsification |
Fat droplets disperses in water |
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Emulsifiers contain... |
molecules with a polar and nonpolar end. |
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Phospholipids |
–2 fatty acids + a phosphate group –Primary components of cellular membranes –They spontaneously form a bilayer consisting of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails |
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hydrophilic heads face... |
outward, toward watery solutions |
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hydrophobic tails face... |
inward, away from watery solutions |
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Steroids |
All have a backbone of four fused carbon rings. |
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The Steroids are... |
Cholesterol, Testosterone, Estrogen |