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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomical Position |
The standard reference position for all anatomic and medical disscussions. |
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Prone Position |
If the body is lying face down |
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Supine Position |
If the body is lying face up |
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Cephalic Region |
Part of body commonly referred to as the head |
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What is the front part of the body called? (Region) |
Anterior/Ventral |
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What is the back side of the body called? (Region) |
Posterior/Dorsal |
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Superior (Cranial) |
Toward the head end of upper part of a structure or the body; above |
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Inferior (Caudal) |
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below |
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Anterior (Ventral) |
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of |
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Posterior (Dorsal) |
Toward or at the back of the body; behind |
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Medial |
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of |
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Lateral |
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of |
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Ipsilateral |
On the same side |
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Contralateral |
On opposite sides |
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Unilateral |
In reference to only one side of the body |
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Proximal |
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
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Distal |
Farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
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Superficial |
(External) Toward or at the body surface |
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Deep |
(Internal) Away from the body surface; more internal |
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3 Anatomical Planes |
1. Coronal/Frontal Plane 2. Sagital Plane 3. Transverse Plane |
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Coronal/Frontal Plane |
A vertical or longitudinal plane of sectioning. This divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior positions. |
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Sagittal Plane |
A vertical or longitudinal plane of sectioning. This divides the body or an organ into right and left portions |
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Midsagittal or Median |
The right and left portions are symmetric |
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Parasagittal |
The right and left portions are not symmetric |
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Transverse Plane |
A horizontal plane of sectioning. This divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions |
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Body Cavities |
"Spaces" in the body that are filled with organs |
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2 Body Cavitites |
Dorsal and Ventral |
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2 Dorsal Cavitites |
Cranial and Spinal |
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2 Ventral Cavitites |
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic |
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2 Thoracic Cavities |
Pulmonary and Mediastinum |
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Abdominopelvic Cavity |
Abdominal Cavity |
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Dorsal Cavity |
More posterior cavity, has two subdivisions separated by the foramen magnum of the skul |
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Cranial Cavity |
the superior part of the dorsal body cavity, enclosed by the skull, the organ found in this cavity is the brain |
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Vertebral Cavity |
The inferior part of the dorsal body cavity, enclosed by the vertebrae, the organ: spinal cord |
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Ventral Cavity |
More anterior cavity, has two subdivisions separated by the muscular diaphragm - thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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Thoracic Cavity |
the superior portion of the ventral body cavity, superior to the diaphragm, some organs here are surrounded by serous membranes (each has a parietal and visceral layer) 2 subdivisions - pulmonary cavities, mediastinum |
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Pulmonary Cavities |
Within the thoracic cavity, a right and a left pulmonary cavity, each filled with a lung |
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Mediastinum |
Within the thoracic Cavity, intermediate to the pulmonary cavities, contains organs like the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and some major blood vessels |
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Abdominopelvic Cavity |
The inferior portion of the ventral body cavity, inferior to the diaphragm, has two subdivisions - abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
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Abdominal Cavity |
the more superior portion of the abdominopevlic cavity, there is no physical structure that separates this from the pelvic cavity |
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Pelvic Cavity |
the more inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, there is no physical structure that separates this from the abdominal cavity (unlike the diaphragm for the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) |
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Serous Membrane |
Moist, slippery membrane, contains some epithelial tissue and some connective tissue, can also be called serosa |
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What do serous membranes surround? |
Some ventral cavity organs as they are growing and developing |
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What are the two layers of the serous membranes? |
Visceral layer and parietal layer |
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3 Serous Membranes |
1. Pericardial Membrane (Around the heart) 2. Pieura (Around the lungs) 3. Peritoneal Membrane (Around some of the organs in the abdominopelvic Cavity) |
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Parietal Pericardium |
The outer portion of the membrane and forms a "wall" around the heart |
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Visceral Pericardium |
Adheres directly to the surface of the heart. Pericardial cavity is the space in between the two layers and filled with pericardial fluid |
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Parietal Pleura |
The outer portion of the membrane, it lines the inside of the thoracic cavity |
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Visceral Pleura |
Adheres directly to the surface of the lung. Pleural cavity is the space in between 2 layers and it is filled with pleural fluid |
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Parietal Peritoneum |
Outer portion of the membrane it lines the inside of the abdominal cavity |
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Visceral Peritoneum |
Adheres directly to the surface of the abdominal organs. The peritoneal cavity is the space in between the two layers |