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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Optic cups |
Double walled secondary optic vesicles |
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Inner wall of the optic cup |
Part of optic cup/secondary optic vesicle that forms the light-sensitive sensory retina |
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Outer wall of optic cup |
Part of the optic cup that thins to a single layer, the retinal pigment epithelium |
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Outer layer/outersegment |
Rods and cones are located in what segment of the optic cup |
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Lateral geniculate body |
The axon of ganglion cells transmit thr graded potentials to the? |
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Bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells |
Graded Electrical potentials from the rods and cones are modulated and amplified by? |
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Retinal pigment epithelium |
Clumps of the old cone disks are phagocytosed by? |
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1. Central portion (macula) 2. 4 peripheral quadrants |
Sensory retina may be divided into? (2) |
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4 peripheral quadrants |
Fxn in spatial orientation, reduced light (scotopic visions), ROD photoreceptors are most common and fxn in dim illumination |
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(central portion) Macula |
Contains the fovea centralis that fxns in photopic vision |
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Fovea centralis |
Pit in the retina w/c the innermost layers of the retina are displaced so that light falls directly upon the cone photoreceptors w/out traversing the inner layers |
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1 |
How many cones dies the center of fovea centalis have? |
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Faveola |
Center of fovea centralis |
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Fovea centralis |
Fxn in bright illumination (photopic), form vision and colo vision |
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-Choriocapillaris -branches of the central retinal artery |
Blood supply for the retina |
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Choriocapillaries |
Bld supply that nurtures the retinal pigment epithelium and the outer portion of the sensory retina adjcacent to the choroid |
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Branches of the central retinal artery |
Supplies the inner half of the retina |
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Central retinal artery |
1st branch of the opthalmic artery w/in the orbit |
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Medium sized artery 0.20-0.30 mm in diameter |
Size of the central retinal artery |
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The pia mater |
The adventitial layer of the central artery is augmented by |
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Lamina cribrosa |
The central artery enters the eye through? |
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Central vein; nasal portion of the optic cup |
The central artery ascends with ________ towards the _______ |
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superior and inferior papillary branches |
Within the opticc nerve, the central artery divides into? |
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Nasal and temporal branches |
The papillary branches are divided into? |
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False |
T/F: capillaries within the eye anastomose |
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The junction of the outer 1/3 and the middle 1/3 of the outer plexiform of the retina |
The border between the retinal and choroidal bld supply is at? |
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T, response is through auto regulation |
T/F: retinal vessels lack nervous ctrl |
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T |
T/F: Endothelial vessels are NOT fenestrated and are tightly joined |
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2/3-3/4 of the corresponding vein |
Diameter of the artery is? |
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F |
T/F: veins anastomose |
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Optic nerve |
Portion if the white fiber tract of the CNS that consists of axons of retinal ganglion cells |
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Optic disk; optic chiasm |
Optic nerve extends from the _____ at a level with the retina within the eye to the _________ |
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50% |
How much of the fibers decussate to the opposite side of the brain |
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1. Crossed nasal fibers 2. Uncrossed temporal fibers |
Constitutes the optic tract |
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1mm |
Introcular part size |
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30mm |
Orbital size |
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4-10mm |
Intracanalicular size |
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10mm |
Intracranial size |
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Intraocular portion |
Includes the optic disk and the portion of the optic nerve w/in the posterior scleral foramen |
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3mm; 0.8mm |
Location of optic disk _mm nasal and about __mm above the foveola |
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Nerve fiber layer |
The choroid and all the layers of the retina except ______ terminates at the optic disk margin |
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Blind spot of mariotte |
Area where photosensitive rods and cones are absent |
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Posterior scleral foramen bridged with the lamina cribrosa |
Optic nerve exits from the eye through the? |
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T |
T/F: posterior to the optic disk, the nerve fibers are myelinated |
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1.5mm in diameter |
Portion of the optic nerve w/in the eye is about? |
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S-shaped |
Orbital portion of the optic nerve has what shape to permit movements of the eye |
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12 mm |
The central retinal artery and vein penetrates the optic nerve __mm behind the globe |
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Tendinous origin of the recti muscles, the ligament of Zinn |
At the apex of the orbit, the optic nerve is surrounded by the? |
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T |
T/F: W/in the optic canal, the dura mater is adherent to bone, arachnoid, and pia mater so that the nerve is firmly fixed |
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Intracranial portion (10mm) |
What part of the optic nerve passes medially to form the chiasm |
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1.1-1.3 million afferent axons |
Optic nerve contains how many afferent axons |
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Ganglion cells of the FOVEA CENTRALIS |
90% of the axons of the optic nerve comes from? |
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Septa that are continuous w/ the pia mater |
Optic nerve is composed of bundles of nerve fibers separated by? |
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Optic chiasm at 24th week of life |
Myelinization of the optic nerve begins at? |
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Behind the lamina cribrosa |
At birth, myelinization will reach at what point |
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Oligodendrocytes |
Associated w/ the metabolism of myelin |
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Astrocytes |
These cells provide a skeletal framework on the intraocular surface of the optic nerve & are impt. in providing mechanical support as nerve fibers make the right angle turn from the retina |
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Short posterior ciliary arteries |
Intraocular portion of the the optic nerve is supplied by the? |
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Pial fibrovascular meshwork from branches of ICA |
The intracanalicular and intracranial portion of the optic nerve are supplied by? |
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Axial blood supply, The axial vessels arel derived from the central retinal artery, branch of opthalmic artery |
Intraorbital portion of the optic nerve is supplied by |
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Short posterior ciliary arteries |
Intraocular portion is supplied by the? |
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13 mm wide |
Optic chiasm is about how many mm wide |
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Tuber cinereum |
Posterior surface of the optic chiasm is? |
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Dorsal surface of diencephalon |
Optic chiasm is attached by the pia mater and the arachnoid mater to the |
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Optic groove of the sphenoid bone |
The optic chiasm is posterior to the |
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Diaphragm sellae and tuberculum sellae turcicae |
Optic chiasm is superior to the? |
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S-shaped: movements |
Orbital portion of the optic nerve has a ______ curve to permit _____ |
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T |
Dura mater and arachnoid mater blend into the sclera T/F |
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12 mm |
Central retinal artery & vein penetrate the optic nerve __ mm behind the globe |
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Ligament of Zinn |
The optic nerve is surrounded by the tendinous origin of the recti muscles which is |
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Medially |
Intracranial portion of the optic nerve passes _____ to form the chiasm |
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Optic chiasm |
Myelinization of the optic nerve begins at the _____ at about 24h week of life |
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Oligodendrocytes |
Assoc with hr synthesisss of metabolism of myelin |
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Lamina cribrosa |
Oligodendrocytes are more numerous behind the |
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Short posterior ciliary arteries |
Intraocular portion of optic nerve is supplied by ____________ |
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Optic tract |
Extends from the chiasm to the lateral geniculate body |
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Nasal retina of the opposite side Temporal retina on the same side |
Optic tract is composed of axons from ganglion cells of the? |
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Superior colliculi |
Sensitive to moving stimuli and may direct the eyes and the head toward a visual stimulus |
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-lateral geniculate body - superior quadrigeminal brachium to the superior colliculi -pretectal area (pupillary reflexes) - other fibers: enter hyopothalamus & terminate in the supraoptic nucleus & medial nuclei of the tuber cinereum |
Where do the axons of the optic tract terminate? |
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Same side synapse in layer's 2, 3 and 5 |
Axons from the temporal retina on the same side synapse are found in layers _ _ _ |
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Layer's 1,4,6 |
Axons from nasal 1/2 of the retina of the opposite eye decussate in the chiasms & terminate in? |
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Optic tract |
Extends from the chiasm to the lateral geniculate body |
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Lateral geniculate body |
Majority of the optic tract terminate at? |
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Pretectal area (some optic tract terminate here) |
Area Responsible for pupillary reflexes |
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Superior quadrigeminal brachium to the superior colliculi |
Area Responsible for reflex ocular movements |
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Diencephalon, lateral to the medial geniculate body |
The lateral geniculate body is located at the |
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2, dorsal and ventral |
The Lgb consists of how many nucleus |
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Six cellular layers 1-6 |
The dorsal nucleus of the Lgb in humas has how many layers |
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Magnocellular layer/laminae |
Ventral layers (1,2) are called? |
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Parvocellular layer/laminae |
The remaining doral layers (3-6) are called? |
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2, 3, 5 |
Axons from the temporal retina (uncrossed) on the same side synapse in what layers? |
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1, 4, 6 |
Nasal 1/2 of the retina of the opposite eye decussate in the chiasm and terminate in what layers? |
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Lateral portion of LGB |
Axons from the lower half of the retina synapse in the? |
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Medial portion |
Axons from the upper half of the retina synapse in the? |
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T |
T/F foveal axons are located posteriorly |
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All 6 layers |
Central visual fibers are located in which layers |
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2 magnocellular and 2 paracellular layers |
Peripheral axons are represented in? |
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-Oculomotor centers in the brainstem -brain stem reticular formation |
Aside from the visual fibers, the lgb receives input from the? |
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Optic radiation |
Aka geniculocalcarine tract |
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Area 17 |
What area is the superior and inferior lips of the calcarine fissure |
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Inferior retinal quadrants-lateral LGB- Inferior/ventral lip of calcarine fissure (meyer's loop) |
Superior visual field quadrants reflects the? |
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Passes anteriorly around the tip of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle |
Meyer's loop (SILV) passes through the? |
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Superior homonymous quadrantic field defect |
Damage to Meyer's loop (SILV) produces what defect |
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ISMS (Inferior visual fields, superior retinal quadrants, medial of lgb, superior lip of calcarine |
Barum's loop |
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Nearly directly posterior through the parietal lobe |
Barum's loop(ISMS) passes through? |
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Striate complex |
The superior and inferior lips of the calcarine fissure is often called as? |
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The tip of the posterior pole |
In the visual cortex, fibers representing the central retina terminate at? |
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Anteriorly |
More peripheral portions of the retina are represented where |
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Six cell layers typical of cortex |
The visual cortex is composed of how many layers |
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Layer IV |
Most axons of the lateral geniculate body terminate in? |
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Lamina granularis interna of Brodmann |
Layer IV of the visual cortex is aka? |
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Central portion (mainly cones) |
Part of retina used in the form vision and color vision |
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Peripheral portion (mainly rods) |
Part of retina used in dark adaptation & in the detection of movement |
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CHOROID |
Vascular sheet that provides the bld supply for the retinal pigment epithelium and OUTER 1/2 of sensory retina adjacent to it |