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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the heart located?
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The heart is located just behind and slightly left of the breastbone.
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What part of the heart is the apex?
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The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart.
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Where is the base of the heart located?
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It is directed superiorly (up), posteriorly (back) and to the right.
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What layer of the heart is the outer layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of connective tissue covered by epithelium; also known as the visceral pericardium?
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Epicardium
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What layer of the heart is the muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart and is composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers which allow the heart to contract?
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Myocardium
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What layer of the heart is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue?
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Endocardium
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Name the three layers of the heart.
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1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium |
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Where is the pericardial sac?
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The pericardial sac is the membrane surrounding the heart.
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Name the four chambers of the heart.
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Left Atrium
Right Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle |
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What is the name of the partition that separates the left and right atria?
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The interatrial septum separates the atria.
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What separates the right and left ventricles?
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The interventricular septum separates the ventricles.
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What are the four main valves in the heart and their location?
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Tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Pulmonary valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Mitral valve - located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Aortic valve - located between the left ventricle and the aorta. |
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What are the functions of each heart valve?
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Tricuspid valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the right atrium.
Pulmonary valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the right ventricle. Mitral valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the left atrium. Aortic valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the left ventricle. |
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What are the four major blood vessels of the heart?
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1. Vena cava
2. Pulmonary vein 3. Pulmonary artery 4. Aorta |
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List the order of where the blood flows starting with the right atrium.
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1. Right Atrium
2. Tricuspid 3. Right Ventricle 4. Pulmonary Valve 5. Pulmonary Trunk (artery) 6. Lungs 7. Pulmonary Circulation 8. Pulmonary Veins 9. Left Atrium 10. Mitral (bicuspid) 11. Left Ventricle 12. Aortic Valve 13. Body Circulation 14. Vena Cava |
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Define systole.
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Systole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries. THINK SQUEEZING A FIST.
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Define diastole.
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Diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood. THINK RELAXING A SQUEEZED FIST.
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What are the two main heart sounds and their basis?
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S1 is caused by turbulence caused by the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole.
S2 is caused by the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves, marking the end of systole. |
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What is the function of the heart's electrical conduction system?
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To make the heart contract and make blood flow happen.
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What are the components of the electrical conduction system of the heart?
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1. SA Node
2. A-V Node 3. A-V Bundle 4. Purkinje Fibers |
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What is the basis for the electrocardiogram?
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The electrocardiogram is a graphic representation of the nerve impulses passing through the conduction system.
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Name the major deflections (waves) of the electrocardiogram.
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1. P-wave
2. QRS complex 3. T-wave |
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What are the factors that control heart rate?
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1. Nervous system
2. Body temperature 3. Electrolyte balance 4. Receptor sites 5. Blood flow 6. Medications |
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Relate the path of general (systemic) circulation to its appropriate heart chambers and great vessels.
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1. Left ventricle
2. Aorta 3. Systemic arteries 4. Systemic capillaries 5. Systemic veins 6. Vena cava 7. Right atrium |
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Relate the path of pulmonary circulation to its appropriate heart chambers and great vessels.
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1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle 3. Pulmonary arteries 4. Pulmonary capillaries 5. Pulmonary veins 6. Left atrium |
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Contrast the functions of pulmonary circulation in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
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Transport and deliver carbon dioxide to lungs; pick up and transport oxygen away from lungs; help maintain blood pressure and correct direction of flow
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Contrast the functions of general circulation in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
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Transport and deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues; pick up and transport carbon dioxide away from tissues; regulate body temp.;help maintain blood pressure and correct direction of flow
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Name the three different types of blood vessels.
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Arteries, capillaries, veins
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What are arteries and what do they do?
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Arteries carry oxygenated blood and its products away from ventricles systemically. Their pressure is relatively high.
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