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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the development into overly large size because of excessive production of growth hormone, also called gigantism
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acromegaly
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acute adrenocortical insufficiency
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Addisonian crisis
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one of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it produces hormones that are not neurohormones; also called the anterior pituitary lobe
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adenohypophysis
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the outer layer of the adrenal gland, it produces hormones that are important in regulating the water and salt balance of the body
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adrenal cortex
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glands located on top of each kidney that produce and secrete certain sex hormones, as well as other hormones that are vital to maintaining the body's water and salt balance, also called suprarenal glands
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adrenal glands
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hormone produced by the adrenal glands that mediates the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system, also called epinephrine
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adrenaline
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one of the several molecules derived from a common precursor, proopiomeloanocortin, that is essential for development of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion of corticosteroids
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body
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aldosterone
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cells located in the islet cells of Langerhans that secrete glucagon
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alpha cells
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synthetic androgens used to increase muscle mass
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anabolic steroids
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male sex hormone
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androgens
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a steroid sex hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, testes and ovaries
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androstenedione
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one of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it produces hormones that are not neurohormones, also called the adenohypophysis
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anterior pituitary lobe
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a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, it constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure, also called vasopressin
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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cells located in the islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin
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beta cells
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proteins that have the same effect as opiate drugs such as morphine
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beta-endorphins
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a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that is important in the regulation of calcium levels in the body
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calcitonin
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a condition that results in excess secretion of aldosterone, most commonly caused by a benign tumor
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Conn's syndrome
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any of several steroids secreted by the adrenal gland
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corticosteroids
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the most important corticosteroid secreted by the zona fasciculata, it has many effects on the body
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cortisol
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a disorder caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands resulting in obesity, abnormal hair growth, high blood pressure, emotional disturbances, and the so called "moonface"
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Cushing's syndrome
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a disorder of the pituitary gland that results in large volumes of dilute urine
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diabetes insipidus
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a condition that results from impaired production of insulin by the pancreas
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diabetes mellitus
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stunted growth due to deficiency of growth hormone
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dwarfism
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glands that empty secretions )hormones) directly into the blood
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endocrine glands
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a system of glands located throughout the body that secrete hormones that regulate many body functions, including growth, reproduction, temperature, metabolism, and blood pressure
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endocrine system
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hormone produced by the adrenal glands that mediates the "fight or flight" response in the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenaline
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epinephrine
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produced by the ovaries, one of the three major female hormone
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estrogen
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glands that empty their products through ducts, usually onto epithelial surfaces
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exocrine glands
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abnormal protrusion of the eye resulting from hyperthyroidism
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exophthalmos
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the concept that once the desire effect of a hormone has been achieved, further production of the hormone is inhibited until it is needed again, also referred to as negative feed back
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feedback inhibition
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small cavity glands within the thyroid gland that contain thyroglobulin
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follicles
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hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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development into overly large size because of excessive growth hormone, also called acromegaly
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gigantism
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a cell, group of cells, or an organ that selectively removes, concentrates, or alters materials in the blood and secretes them back into the body
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glands
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hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body's metabolism and blood sugar level
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glucagon
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hormones secreted by the zona fasciculata that play an important role in metabolism and inhibit inflammation
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glucocorticoids
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a process that stimulates both the liver and the kidneys to produce glucose from non carbohydrate molecules
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gluconeogenesis
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a long polymer from which glucose is converted in the liver
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glycogen
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an enlarged thyroid gland
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goiter
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a hormone released by the hypothalamus that influences the release of Lh and FSH
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gonadotropin-releasing hormone
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the reproductive glands
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gonads
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hormone that stimulates growth in most tissues, especially of long bones in the extremities, also called somatotropin
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growth hormone (GH)
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a hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, also called somatostatin
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growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone
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a hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of growth hormone
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growth hormone-releasing hormone
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an enzyme that is activated by glucagon, it breaks triglycerides down into fatty acids and glycerol
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hormone sensitive lipase
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proteins secreted by glands to regulate body functions
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hormones
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one of three major female hormones; it is produced by a developing embryo after conception
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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCH)
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condition that results in loss of calcium from the bones, as well as increases in serum calcium levels, caused by excess secretion of parathyroid hormones
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hyperparathyroidism
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overactivity of the thyroid gland, which results in increased metabolic rates, weight loss, rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, diarrhea, and abnormal posturing of the eyes
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hyperthyroidism
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potentially life-threatening low blood calcium levels resulting from loss of parathyroid function
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hypocalcemia
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the gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body, also called the pituitary gland
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hypophysis
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the interactions of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
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hypothalamic-pituitary axis
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a complex set of interactions that regulates the secretions of corticosteroids
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hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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a specialized set of blood vessels that carry releasing factors from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary lobe
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hypothalamohypophyseal portal system
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the basal part of the diencephalon, it regulates the function of the pituitary gland
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hypothalamus
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the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
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infundibulum
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compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels, also called releasing factors
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inhibiting factors
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hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital in the control of the body's metabolism and blood sugar level
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insulin
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a specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produced
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islets of Langerhans
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a narrow band of tissue that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland
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isthmus
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hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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the inner portion of the adrenal glands, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
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medulla
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hormones produced in the zona glomerulosa that are important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body
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mineralocorticoids
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the concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieved, further production of the hormone is inhibited until it is needed again, also called feedback inhibition
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negative feedback
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hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe
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neurohormones
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one of the two portions of the pituitary gland; it is an extension of the central nervous system and secretes hormones called neurohormones, also called the posterior pituitary lobe
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neurohypophysis
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hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is vital in the function of the sympathetic nervous system
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norepinephrine
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specialized neurons in the brain that regulate the secretion of ADH
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osmoreceptors
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the female reproductive glands
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ovaries
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a hormone that causes the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus to contract and milk to be released from the breasts of lactating women
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oxytocin
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an organ of both the endocrine and digestive system, it produces the hormones insulin and glucagon
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pancreas
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cells located between the follicles in the thyroid gland that produce the hormone calcitonin
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parafollicular cells
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four glands that are embedded in the posterior portion of each lobe of the thyroid, they produce and secrete parathyroid hormone
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parathyroid glands
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the gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body, also called hypophysis
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pituitary gland
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the concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieved, production of the hormone is continued
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positive feedback
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one of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it is an extension of the central nervous system and produces hormones called neurohormones, also called the neurohypophysis
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posterior pituitary lobe
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produced by the ovaries, it is one of three major female hormones
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progesterone
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hormone that plays an important role in milk production in women
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prolactin
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hormones released by the hypothalamus that influence inhibition of prolactin
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prolactin-inhibiting hormones
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hormones released by the hypothalamus that influence the release of prolactin
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prolactin-releasing hormones
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a group of hormone-like fatty acids that are produced in many body tissues, including the uterus, brain and kidneys
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prostaglandins
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compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels, also called inhibiting factors
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releasing factors
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the space behind the peritoneum
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retroperitoneum
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proteins produced in the liver, skeletal muscle, and other tissues that are stimulated by growth hormone
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somatomedins
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a hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone also called growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone
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somatostatin
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hormone that stimulates growth in many tissues, especially long bones in the extremities, also called growth hormone
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somatotropin
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the male reproductive organs
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testes
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the major androgen produced by the testes
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testosterone
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painful muscle spasms that result from a low blood calcium level
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tetany
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one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland, it is essential for normal growth development in children, as well as regulation of body metabolism
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tetraiodothyronine (T4)
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a protein to which thyroid hormones are bound
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thyroglobulin
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a large endocrine gland that is located at the base of the neck and produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development and metabolism
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thyroid gland
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hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, also called thyrotropin
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, also called thyroid-stimulating hormone
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thyrotropin
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a protein synthesized in the liver that binds to hormones T3 and T4
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thyroxine-binding globulin
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one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland, it is essential for normal growth and development in children, as well as regulation of body metabolism
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triiodothyronine (T3)
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a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, it constricts blood vessels and raised blood pressure, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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vasopressin
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one of three divisions of the adrenal cortex, it produces corticosteroids
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zona fasciculata
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one of three divisions of the adrenal cortex, it produces mineralocorticoids
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zona glomerulosa
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one of three divisions of the adrenal cortex, it secretes relatively weak male sex hormones, or androgens
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zona reticularis
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