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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
if two atoms have the same stomic numbe, they are the same element and have the same ___
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inherit properties
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atoms of element with a different number of neutrons
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isotope
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___ emit energy and or subparticles
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radioactive isotopes
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radioactive isotopes spontanously decay into ___
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elements of a lower atomic number
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refers to amount of time necessary to decay half f the atoms of given sample
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half-life
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isotopes of ___ are used to date biological samples
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carbon
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loss of an electron
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oxidation
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gain of an electron
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reduction
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there are ___ naturally occuring elements
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92
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if inert atoms do not have outer level filled, then the atom is unstable
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octet rule
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bond formed by weak electrical attraction between H atoms on different molecules
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hydrogen bond
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weak ionic bonds are ___
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easily disolved
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what is the function of chemical reactions?
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break chemical bonds
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chemical reactions are influenced by ___
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-temperature
-concentration of reactants and products -catalysts |
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substance that increases rate of reaction
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catalysts
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biologically important catalysts
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enzymes
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a stable atom has ___
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no electrical charge
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the most astounding property of water is ___
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its ability to form weak chemical associations
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in a water molecule, the atoms are connected by a ___ bond
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covalent
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in water, the oxygen atom is ___ than hygrogen
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more electronegative
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water is ___ (has a distinct charge on each end)
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polar
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water clings to ___ molecules
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polar
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the attraction of water to other water molecules
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cohesion
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the attraction of molecules other than water to water
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adhesion
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responsible for suface tension on water
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cohesion
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water is ahesive to any substance with which it can form ___
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hygrogen bonds
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the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost by one gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius
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specific heat
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the heat required to vaporize one mole of a substance at its boiling point under standard pressure
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heat of vaporization
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water has a high ___ and ___
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specific heat, heat of vaporization
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water is a powerful ___
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solvent
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attracted to water
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hydrophilic
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repelled by water
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hydrophobic
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the tendency of nonpolar molecules to aggregate in water
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hydrophobic exclusion
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the process of spontaneous ion formation
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ionization
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pH measures ___
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H+ Ion concentration
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On the pH scale:
>7 is ___ =7 is ___ <7 is ___ |
acidic, neutral, basic
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because the pH scale is ___, a difference of 1 in pH is ___ the H+ ion concentration
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logarithmic, 10x
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