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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lesion
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Tissue distruction
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electroencephalogram
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A recording of the electrical activity on the Brain's surface
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PET (positron emission tomography)
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A visual display of the brain's activity that detects what part activates during certain activities.
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MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
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A technique that uses magnetic fields and radiowaves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissuse; allows us to see structures within the brain
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fMRI (functional MRI)
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Reveals blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. Shows brain funtion.
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Brainstem
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The oldest part and central core of the brain. It begins where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. Responsible for automatic survival functions.
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Medulla
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At base of brainstem, controls heart rate and breathing.
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Reticular Formation
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A nerve network in brainstem that plays a role in controlling arousal.
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Thalamus
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Brain's sensory switchboard on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
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Cerebellum
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Attached to the back of the brainstem, "little brain". Processes sensory input and coordinates balance and movement output.
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Limbic system
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Doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres. Associated with emotions like fear and aggression. Includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
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Amygdala
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Two lima bean sized neural clusters. Components of Limbic system, linked to emotion
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Hypothalamus
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Neural structure below thalamus. Directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion.
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Cerebral cortex
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Fabric of interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres. Body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
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Glial cells
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Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons
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Frontal Lobes
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Portion of cerebral cortex right behind forehead. Involved in speaking and muscle movement; making plans and judgments.
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Parietal Lobes
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Portion of cerebral cortex at the top of the head and towards the rear. Receives sensory input for touch and body position.
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Occipital Lobes
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Portion of cerebral cortex at the back of the head. Includes visual areas.
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Temporal Lobes
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Portion of cerebral cortex roughly above the ears. Includes auditory areas.
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Motor Cortex
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Area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
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Sensory Cortex
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Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.
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Association Areas
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Areas of cerebral cortex not involved with primary motor or sensory functions. Involved in higher mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
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Aphasia
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Impairment of language, usually caused by damage to Broca's Area or Wernicke's Area.
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Broca's Area
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Controls language expression. Area of frontal lobe in left hemisphere, directs muscle movements involved with speech.
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Wernicke's Area
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Controls language reception. Involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe.
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Plasticity
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Brain's capacity for modification after damage.
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Corpus Callosum
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Large band of neural fibers connecting the brain's two hemispheres, carries messages between them
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Split Brain
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A condition where the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the corpus callosum
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