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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Special-occasion speeches
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Evocative speeches intended to entertain, inspire, celebrate, commemorate, or build community
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General purpose
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Whichever of three goals-to inform, persuade, or entertain- dominates a speech
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Specific purpose
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What a speaker wants to inform or persuade an audience about, or what type of feelings the speaker wants to evoke
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Audience analysis
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The process of determining what an audience already knows or wants to know about a topic, who they are, what they know or need to know about the speaker, and what their expectations might be for the presentation
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Open-ended questions
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Questions that give the person being questioned free rein in answering
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Closed questions
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Questions that are answerable in a few words
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Secondary questions
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Questions that follow up on previous questions
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Neutral questions
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Questions that give the person being questioned a change to respond without any influence from the interviewer
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Demographic analysis
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The portion of an audience analysis that considers the ages, races, sexes, sexual orientations, religions, and social class of the audience
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Thesis statement
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A statement of the topic of a speech and the speaker’s position on it
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Supporting materials
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Information that supports the speaker’s ideas
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Chronological pattern
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One that follows a timeline
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Spatial pattern
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One that arranges points by locations and can be used to describe something small
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Topical pattern
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One that has no innate organization except the imposed by the speaker
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Problem-solution pattern
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One in which the speaker describes various aspects of a problem and then proposes solutions
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Cause-effect pattern
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One used to create understanding and agreement, and sometimes to argue for a specific action
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Introduction
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Opening material of a speech from which the audience members gain a first impression of the speech’s content and of the speaker
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Signposts
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Transitions in a speech that help an audience understand the speaker’s organization, making it easier for them to follow
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Conclusion
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Closing material of a speech where the speaker reviews the main points, may challenge the audience to act, and leaves the audience with a positive view of speaker and topic
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Style
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The type of language and phrasing a speaker uses and the effect the language and phrasing create
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Visual aids
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Audiovisual materials that help a speaker reach intended speech goals
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Impromptu speech
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A speech that is delivered with little or no preparation
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Manuscript speech
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Speech that is written out word-for-word and read to the audience
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Extemporaneous speech
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Speech that is written ahead of time but only in outline form
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Persona
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The image a speaker conveys
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Eye Contact
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Looking directly into the eyes of another
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