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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Descriptive/Systematic Anatomy |
individual parts of the body to functional systems |
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Applied Anatomy |
any application of anatomy |
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Regional Anatomy |
specific region |
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Developmental Anatomy |
growth and development |
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Pathological Anatomy |
change in structure related to disease |
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Comparative Anatomy |
comparing species |
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Gross Anatomy |
what you can see with your eyes |
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Microscopic Anatomy |
small and exact
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Respiratory Physiology |
(breathing) pharynx external naris nasal cavity |
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Phonatory Physiology |
larnyx |
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Resonatory Physiology |
trachea bronchus lungs alveoli bronchiole diaphragm transverse fissure oblique fissure |
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Articulatory Physiology |
(speaking) mouth |
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Sagittal Plane |
cuts the body from left to right |
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Transverse Plane |
cuts the body into top and bottom |
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Coronal Plane |
cuts the body into front and back |
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Anterior vs Posterior |
front vs back |
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Superior vs Inferior |
higher vs lower |
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Medial vs Lateral |
toward the midline vs away from the midline |
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Proximal vs Distal |
point of attachment vs farther from the point of attachment |
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Peripheral vs Central |
sides vs middle |
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Superficial vs Deep |
toward skin vs toward middle |
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Dextrad vs Sinistrad |
right vs left |
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Prone vs Supine |
belly vs back |
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Abduction vs Adduction |
opening vs closing |
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Flexion vs Extension |
bending vs extending |
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Inversion vs Eversion |
inside vs outside |
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Cell |
living tissue with a nucleus surrounded by a mixture of cellular material |
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Tissue |
aggregation; collection of cells and cell products that form a particular kind of structural material that serves a specific function |
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Organ |
part of an organism, self-contained, specific vital function |
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System |
largest; group of interacting elements that together form a complex whole |
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Epithelial Tissue |
skin cells; outermost layer of mucous membranes |
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Connective Tissue |
where tissues connect |
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Muscle Tissue |
voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac |
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Nerve Tissue |
communication |
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Axial |
bones in the center |
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Appendicular |
bones in the outer portion of the body |
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Fibrous Joints |
immobile
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Cartilaginous Joints |
limited movement |
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Synovial Joints |
highly mobile |
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Smooth Muscles |
involuntary or visceral; produces a slow sustained contraction |
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Skeletal Muscle |
paired; under voluntary control |
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Cardiac Muscle |
only occurs in heart; looks like a skeletal, acts like a smooth |
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Epimysium |
whole muscle covering |
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Muscle Belly |
covered in Epimysium |
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Perimysium |
sheet that covers each fascicle |
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Fascicles |
entire muscle is divided into different compartments called fascicles |
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Endomysium |
connective tissue between muscle fibers |
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Muscle Fibers |
in each fascicle |
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Sarcolemma |
covering of muscle fiber |
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Myofibrils |
each muscle fiber is divided into many myofibrils |
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Myofilaments |
each myofibril contains many myofilaments |
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Vertebral column |
spine protects the spinal cord |
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C Spine |
base of cranium; top of thorax 7 vertebrae C1 - atlas C2 - axis |
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T Spine |
connects to ribs; back of thorax 12 vertebrae |
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L Spine |
between thorax and top of pelvis (lower back) 5 vertebrae |
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Sacral |
fuse to form sacrum 5 vertebrae |
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Coccyx |
coccygeal vertebrae (3-5) |
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Pelvic Girdle |
transfers weight, provides attachment, and protects the abdominopelvic Illium Ischium Pubis Sacrum Acetabulum |
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Pectoral Girdle |
connects the upper limb to the spinal column through muscles in the shoulder and upper back Clavicle Scapula |
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Rib Cage |
protects the vital organs and blood vessels, and expands and contracts R1-R7 connect to sternum; attaches to T1-T7 R8-R10 are false ribs; attaches to T8-T10 R11-R12 are floating ribs; attaches to T11-T12 |
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Sternum |
helps protect the lungs and heart and connect the ribs together manubrium sternal angle body/corpus xiphoid process
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Nasal Tissue |
nose; mouth |
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Pharynx |
permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus, or gullet, and conducts air to and from the trachea, or windpipe, during respiration. throat |
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Larynx |
houses the vocal folds |
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Trachea |
windpipe connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck into the thorax |
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Primary Bronchi |
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Secondary Bronchi |
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Tertiary Bronchi |
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Lungs |
two lobes moves oxygen into the bloodstream and carries it through the body |
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Diaphragm |
separates the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs from the abdominal cavity and performs an important part in respiration
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External Intercostals |
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Scalene Muscles |
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Sternocleidomastoid |
elevates sternum and rib cage |
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Subclavius |
elevates R1, on clavicle |
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Pectoralis Major |
elevates sternum and increases transverse |
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Pectoralis Minor |
rotates shoulder or elevates rib |
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Costal Levators |
raises ribs C7-T11 |
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Serratus Anterior |
elevates ribs or draw scapula forward; can stabilize scapula |
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Serratus Posterior Superior |
elevates ribs |
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Trapezius |
rotates scapula, raises shoulder, helps turn head, assists in tilting head back; shrugging shoulders |
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Internal Intercostals |
inhalation & exhalation |
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Transverse thoracic muscle |
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Subcostals |
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Serratus Posterior Inferior |
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Lattissimus Dorsi |
provides postural stability |
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Transverse Abdominis |
deepest; horizontal course |
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Internal Oblique |
perpendicular to externals |
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External Oblique |
most superficial; same as external intercostals |
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Rectus Abdominis |
midline |
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Quadratus Lumborum |
L1-L4; pulls lowest rib downward |
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Ventilation |
movement of air in and our of airways
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Pulmonary Gas Exchange |
external respiration receive oxygen, offloads CO2 |
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Gas Transport |
newly re-ocygenated blood travels through the system |
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Peripheral Gas Exchange |
internal respiration gas exchange between blood and tissue |
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Tidal Volume (TV) |
regular breathing through the day at rest |
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) |
max air breathed in on one breathe |
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Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) |
max air breathed out on one breathe |
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Residual Volume (RV) |
air left in the lungs |
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Inspiratory Capacity (IC) |
TV + IRV regular breathing plus the max you inhale |
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Vital Capacity (VC) |
TV + IRV +ERV everything but the air that stays in your lungs |
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Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) |
ERV + RV air sitting in the lungs plus max exhale |
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Total Lung Capacity (TLC) |
TV + IRV + ERV + RV max lung capacity |