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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the most common elements in living things?
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-Carbon C
-Hydrogen H -Oxygen O -Nitrogen N |
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State the name of elements other than C,H,O and N that are needed by living organisms
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-Sulphur S
-Calcium Ca -Phosphorus P -Iron Fe -Sodium Na |
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What is the role of Sulphur?
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Important element in some amino acid
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What is the role of Calcium?
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Found in bones and teeth
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What is the role of Phosphorus?
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Found in cell membranes and nucleotides (DNA)
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What is the role of Iron?
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Found in haemoglobin (oxygen carrier in red blood cell)
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What is the role of sodium?
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Needed for nerve impulse
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Draw a water molecule
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Outline the thermal properties (heat capacity) of water
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Water has a large heat capacity. Blood is mainly composed of water and can carry heat from warmer part of the body to cooler part. It is a transport medium for heat.
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Outline the thermal properties (boiling point) of water
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Water has a high boiling point (100C). It is below boiling point and above freezing point in most area on earth. As a liquid it can act as the medium for metabolic reaction.
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Outline the thermal properties (cooling effect) of water
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Water molecules can evaporate below boiling point. Evaporation from plants (transpiration) and from human skins (sweat) has useful cooling effect. Water can be used as a coolant.
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Outline the cohesive properties of water
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Water molecules stick to each other because of the hydrogen bond between them.
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Outline the solvent properties of water
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Many different substances dissolve in water because of its polarity. Water is the medium for metabolic reaction and can also be used as a transport medium
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Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds
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Organic = compounds containing carbon
Inorganic = no carbon |
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Identify the molecule
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Amino acid
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Identify the molecule
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Glucose
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Identify the molecule
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Fatty acid
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Identify the molecule
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Ribose
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List three examples of monosaccharides
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-glucose
-galactose -fructose |
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List three examples of disaccharides
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-maltose
-lactose -sucrose |
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List three examples of polysaccharides
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-starch
-glycogen -cellulose |
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State one function of glucose in animals
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Transport energy to cells throughout the body
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State one function of lactose in animals
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Sugar in milk, provided energy to young mammals
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State one function of glycogen in animals
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Store energy in liver and muscle cells
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State one function of fructose in plants
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Used to make fruit sweet-tasting
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State one function of sucrose in plants
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Carried by phloem to transport energy throughout the plant
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State one function of cellulose in plants
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Used to construct the cell wall
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State three functions of the lypids
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-energy storage (fat in humans and oil in plants)
-heat insulation -buoyancy |
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State the name of the four bases in DNA
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-adenine A
-guanine G -thymine T -cytosine C |
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Outline the DNA structure
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-sugar (deoxyribose)
-base -phosphate |
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How are DNA nucleotides linked together?
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By covalent bonds
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How is the DNA double helix formed?
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-complementary base pairing (A-T and C-G)
-hydrogen bonds between bases |
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Identify the structures of the nucleotide
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What is the name of the enzyme that unzips the DNA strands?
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Helicase
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Outline the process of DNA replication (SL only)
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-Helicase unwinds DNA double helix and separates strands
-formation of complementary strands by DNA polymerase |
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What is the name of the enzyme that links the nucleotides on the new strand during DNA replication? (SL only)
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DNA polymerase
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Compare the structure of DNA and RNA
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DNA vs RNA
-double strand vs single strand -thymine base vs uracil base -deoxyribose vs ribose |
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Outline DNA transcription
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-formation of a RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand
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How many bases form a codon?
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Three
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What is the name of the enzyme used in DNA transcription?
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RNA polymerase
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