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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Acute Pericarditis
|
Causes:
MI Infections Uremia (renal failure) Diseases (lupus, RA) |
Manifestations:
Chest pain (↑ with cardiac output, coughing, swallowing) |
|
Constrictive Pericarditis
|
Causes:
Visceral and parietal surfaces adhere |
Manifestations:
Fixed ↓ CO Chest pain Lower extremity edema Dyspnea (↓ O2 to brain) Ascites |
|
Effusion
|
Causes:
Surgery Wall rupture Inflammation |
Manifestations:
Cardiac tamponade (↓ CO during inhalation) Easily fatigued (↓ cardiac reserve |
|
Coronary Artery Disease
|
Causes:
Stable Plaque: obstruction that interrupts blood flow Unstable Plaque: collection of lipids and platelets that is likely to rupture |
Manifestations:
Angina pectoris ↓ Exercise capacity |
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Unstable Myocardial Infarction
|
Cause:
Plaque is constantly breaking |
Manifestation:
Asymptomatic |
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Non ST Myocardial Infarction
|
Cause:
Plaque is causing a little more damage |
Manifestations:
Chest pain |
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ST Segmented Myocardial Infarction
|
Cause:
Plaque is causing significant damage (large necrosis) |
Manifestations:
Crushing pain Nausea and vomiting Fatigue and weakness Cardiac shock Pericarditis Emboli Congestive heart failure Tachycardia |
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Stable Angina
|
Causes:
Exertion, emotion or cold |
Manifestation:
Angina during exercise |
|
Variant Angina
|
Causes:
Endothelial dysfunction Hyperactive sympathetic nervous system Alteration in nitric oxide production |
Manifestations:
Angina during rest or night Arrythmia ECG changes |
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Silent Ischemic Heart Disease
|
Causes:
Autonomic dysfunction Diabetes |
Manifestation:
No pain |
|
Cardiomyopathy
|
Causes:
Primary: genetic, mixed or acquired (infection) Secondary: problem originates outside of heart (diabetes, lupus) |
Manifestations:
|
|
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
|
Causes:
Genetic Myofibril disarray |
Manifestations:
Dyspnea Arrhythmia Exertional Angina Dizziness Fainting |
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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
|
Causes:
Genetic (autosomal dominant) |
Manifestations:
Syncope (cardiac arrest) Palpitations Arrhythmia Cardiac Arrest Right Sided Heart Failure |
|
Rheumatic Heart Disease
|
Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus
|
Fever
Pharyngitis Carditis Arthritis Scarlett fever (red rash on trunk) Sydenham chorea |
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Left Ventricular Noncompaction
|
Causes:
Genetic Failure of heart to compact |
Manifestations:
Congestive Heart Failure Arrhythmia Thromboemboli |
|
Ion Channelopathy
|
Cause:
Genetic |
Manifestations:
Arrythmia Sudden Cardiac Death |
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy
|
Causes:
Genetic Infection Alcohol use (most common) Autoimmune Drugs |
Manifestations:
Dyspnea Tachycardia Fatigue Edema Orthopnea (positional SOB) Thromboemboli |
|
Restricted Cardiomyopathy
|
Causes:
Radiation Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis |
Manifestations:
Dyspnea Fatigue Weakness Orthopnea Peripheral Edema |
|
Myocarditis
|
Causes:
Infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal) |
Manifestations:
Malaise Fever Arthralgia Myalgia Nausea Emesis Thromboemboli Cardiac Heart Failure |
|
Infective Endocarditis
|
Causes:
Requires endocardial damage and portal of entry Predisposition: IV drug abuse, prosthetic heart valve, intracardiac device, congenital heart disease |
Manifestations:
Anorexia Malaise Lethargy Heart murmur |
|
Mitral Valve Stenosis
|
Causes:
Fibrous replacement of tissue Stiffness and fusion of valve apparatus |
Manifestations:
↑ Arteriole pressure Pulmonary congestion ↓ CO |
|
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
|
Causes:
Rheumatic heart disease Dilation of left ventricle Prolapse |
Manifestations:
↑ Arteriole pressure Pulmonary congestion ↓ CO |
|
Mitral Valve Prolapse
|
Causes:
Connective tissue disorder Predisposition: familial & sex (female) |
Manifestations:
Prolonged angina Fatigue Anxiety Palpitations Dyspnea Arrhythmia |
|
Aortic Valve Stenosis
|
Causes:
Rheumatic fever Congenital Aging (calcification) |
Manifestations:
Syncope Peripheral Cyanosis Exertional Dyspnea Angina Heart Fail “Graying Out” |
|
Aortic Valve Regurgitation
|
Cause:
Rheumatic fever |
Manifestations:
Orthopnea Exertial dyspnea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |